Sterilization Matters: Consequences of Different Sterilization Techniques on Gold Nanoparticles

França, Ângela; Pelaz, Beatriz; Moros, María; Sánchez-Espinel, Christian; Hernández, Andrea; Fernández‐López, Cristina; Grazú, Valeria; Fuente, Jesús M. de la; Pastoriza‐Santos, Isabel; Liz‐Marzán, Luis M.; González-Fernández, África

doi:10.1002/smll.200901006

Cited by 64 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…They found that the various methods caused changes in the Au NPs, the most common problem being NPs aggregation and consequent changes in UV–Vis spectra, morphology, and particle size distribution. They further tested the biological effects of these Au NPs and found that the different sterilization procedures could affect the NPs cytotoxic capacity and their ability to induce intracellular ROS (19). Hence, the best way to obtain endotoxin-free ENM is to take precautions and synthesize them in endotoxin-free conditions (20).…”

Section: Endotoxin Contamination Of Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endotoxin Contamination in Nanomaterials Leads to the Misinterpretation of Immunosafety Results

Fujita

Boraschi

2017

Front. Immunol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Given the presence of engineered nanomaterials in consumers’ products and their application in nanomedicine, nanosafety assessment is becoming increasingly important. In particular, immunosafety aspects are being actively investigated. In nanomaterial immunosafety testing strategies, it is important to consider that nanomaterials and nanoparticles are very easy to become contaminated with endotoxin, which is a widespread contaminant coming from the Gram-negative bacterial cell membrane. Because of the potent inflammatory activity of endotoxin, contaminated nanomaterials can show inflammatory/toxic effects due to endotoxin, which may mask or misidentify the real biological effects (or lack thereof) of nanomaterials. Therefore, before running immunosafety assays, either in vitro or in vivo, the presence of endotoxin in nanomaterials must be evaluated. This calls for using appropriate assays with proper controls, because many nanomaterials interfere at various levels with the commercially available endotoxin detection methods. This also underlines the need to develop robust and bespoke strategies for endotoxin evaluation in nanomaterials.

show abstract

Section: Endotoxin Contamination Of Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endotoxin Contamination in Nanomaterials Leads to the Misinterpretation of Immunosafety Results

Fujita

Boraschi

2017

Front. Immunol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, adverse effects may occur on the materials. Changes on the physicochemical characteristics of nanosystems can induce toxicity and loss of properties that lead to system failure [2, 4]. Few studies address the sterilization of nanostructured systems [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

About the Sterilization of Chitosan Hydrogel Nanoparticles

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the last years, nanostructured biomaterials have raised a great interest as platforms for delivery of drugs, genes, imaging agents and for tissue engineering applications. In particular, hydrogel nanoparticles (HNP) associate the distinctive features of hydrogels (high water uptake capacity, biocompatibility) with the advantages of being possible to tailor its physicochemical properties at nano-scale to increase solubility, immunocompatibility and cellular uptake. In order to be safe, HNP for biomedical applications, such as injectable or ophthalmic formulations, must be sterile. Literature is very scarce with respect to sterilization effects on nanostructured systems, and even more in what concerns HNP. This work aims to evaluate the effect and effectiveness of different sterilization methods on chitosan (CS) hydrogel nanoparticles. In addition to conventional methods (steam autoclave and gamma irradiation), a recent ozone-based method of sterilization was also tested. A model chitosan-tripolyphosphate (TPP) hydrogel nanoparticles (CS-HNP), with a broad spectrum of possible applications was produced and sterilized in the absence and in the presence of protective sugars (glucose and mannitol). Properties like size, zeta potential, absorbance, morphology, chemical structure and cytotoxicity were evaluated. It was found that the CS-HNP degrade by autoclaving and that sugars have no protective effect. Concerning gamma irradiation, the formation of agglomerates was observed, compromising the suspension stability. However, the nanoparticles resistance increases considerably in the presence of the sugars. Ozone sterilization did not lead to significant physical adverse effects, however, slight toxicity signs were observed, contrarily to gamma irradiation where no detectable changes on cells were found. Ozonation in the presence of sugars avoided cytotoxicity. Nevertheless, some chemical alterations were observed in the nanoparticles.

show abstract

“…As far as they do not affect the stability of NP and biological activity of active ingredients, these approaches are pretty effective on microbial decontamination [40,48]. However, common sterilization procedures are usually not efficient in removing endotoxin contamination in NP samples.…”

Section: General Aspects Of Dds Toxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Unintended effects of drug carriers: Big issues of small particles

Parhiz

Khoshnejad

Myerson

et al. 2018

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Humoral and cellular host defense mechanisms including diverse phagocytes, leukocytes, and immune cells have evolved over millions of years to protect the body from microbes and other external and internal threats. These policing forces recognize engineered sub-micron drug delivery systems (DDS) as such a threat, and react accordingly. This leads to impediment of the therapeutic action, extensively studied and discussed in the literature. Here, we focus on side effects of DDS interactions with host defenses. We argue that for nanomedicine to reach its clinical potential, the field must redouble its efforts in understanding the interaction between drug delivery systems and the host defenses, so that we can engineer safer interventions with the greatest potential for clinical success.

show abstract

Sterilization Matters: Consequences of Different Sterilization Techniques on Gold Nanoparticles

Cited by 64 publications

References 40 publications

Endotoxin Contamination in Nanomaterials Leads to the Misinterpretation of Immunosafety Results

Endotoxin Contamination in Nanomaterials Leads to the Misinterpretation of Immunosafety Results

About the Sterilization of Chitosan Hydrogel Nanoparticles

Unintended effects of drug carriers: Big issues of small particles

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About