Sterilization Effects of Adult-targeted Baits Containing Insect Growth Regulators on Delia antiqua

Abstract

The onion maggot, Delia antiqua, is a devastating pest of liliaceous crops and current control measures fail to avert pesticide residues, threats to agroecosystem, and costly expenditures. Insect growth regulators (IGRs) are used as trypetid pest chemosterilants for their suppression on adult fertility and fecundity, but their effects on onion flies are unknown. Here, three IGRs (lufenuron, cyromazine, pyriproxyfen) were incorporated into baits to evaluate their effects on onion fly survival, fecundity, fertility, susceptibility of adults in different ages and offspring development. Lufenuron and cyromazine did not affect survival of new-emerged adults, but lufenuron inhibited adult fertility without affecting fecundity, and cyromazine reduced fertility and fecundity. Differently, pyriproxyfen enhanced fecundity within 10 days after treatment, while it reduced adult survival without affecting fertility. The fertility of younger adults was affected by lufenuron and cyromazine whereas the fecundity was affected with cyromazine and pyriproxyfen. For offspring of onion flies treated with lufenuron or cyromazine, most of larvae died within 5 days after hatch, but surviving larvae pupated and emerged normally. Pyriproxyfen did not affect offspring larval survival or pupation but affected pupal emergence. Thus, lufenuron and cyromazine could be potential chemosterilants for onion flies.

Repressed Beauveria bassiana infections in Delia antiqua due to associated microbiota

“…For example, the tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans , can transmit African trypanosomiasis . The onion maggot causes large loses in onion yields and in other Liliaceae crops . These pests harbor a myriad of microbes, especially bacterial symbionts, in their guts, on their cuticle surface and in their habitat .…”

Disruptive Impact of Precocene I (juvenile hormone-antagonist) on the Adult Performance and Reproductive Potential of the Egyptian Cotton Leafworm Spodoptera littoralis Boisduval (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

“…Toxic effects of different IGRs on the adults have been reported in several insect species of different orders (Pineda et al, 2004;Nasr et al, 2010;Singh and Kumar, 2011;Kamminga et al, 2012;El-Naggar, 2013;Bakr et al, 2013;Hamadah et al, 2015;Tanani et al, 2015;Zhou et al, 2016;Hamaidia and Soltani, 2016;Hassan et al, 2017;Hamadah et al, 2017;Ghoneim et al, 2017a, b).…”

“…longer period may denotes slower rate and vice versa. The currently available literature contains many reported results of the effects of different IGRs on pre-oviposition period in various insect species (Rashad et al, 2006;Aref et al, 2010;Kandil et al, 2013;Salem, 2015;El-Khayat et al, 2015;Zhou et al, 2016;Hassan et al, 2017;Hamadah et al, 2017). As far as our literature survey could ascertain, no information was available on the effects of anti-JH compounds on the pre-oviposition period in insects.…”

“…In addition, the fecundity inhibition in S. littoralis may be due to the interference of PI with one or more processes from the ovarian follicle development to the egg maturation. (1): PI may cause some disorders in the ovaries, including cell death in the germarium, resorption of oocytes in the pre-vitellarium and vitellarium (Khan et al, 2007;Zhou et al, 2016). (2): PI may inhibit the synthesis and metabolism of proteinaceous constituents during oogenesis (Salem et al, 1997).…”

Deteriorated Adult Performance and Reproduction of the Greater Wax Moth, (Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) by the Honey Bee Apitoxin

“…On the basis of hormonal regulation of insect reproduction, Apitoxin might disturb the production and/or function of the gonadotropic hormone (JH) responsible for the synthesis of vitellogenins (yolk precursors) and vitellogenesis (Di Ilio et al, 1999). Eggs might develop normally in ovaries, but they could not be lay, owing to the adversely deformed ovipositor of adult females or to the reduced mechanical strength (Moreno et al, 1994) or their rebsorpion before oviposition (Zhou et al, 2016).…”