Sterility of Glaucoma Medications Among Chronic Users in the Community

Porges, Yair; Rothkoff, L; Glick, J. L.; Cohen, Shimon

doi:10.1089/108076804773710795

Cited by 11 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“… 9 , 10 Also, the population of patients is proposed to have an influence, particularly in the case of improper use. 4 There were hints for a lower percentage in the operating room compared with the outpatient department and the ward in the investigation of Nentwich et al, 3 but the difference was not significant, probably because of the small sample size. No difference between the frequency of contamination (overall 16.3%) in an ophthalmic department and in a nursing home was found.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Pathogens grown from eyedrops flasks have been mainly representatives of the skin flora and the environment, 3 , 4 , 6 , 9 , 11 – 13 but also, with a low frequency, Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative rods like Pseudomonas aeruginosa , 1 , 4 , 8 , 14 , 15 Proteus mirabilis , 2 , 15 and Serratia marcescens . 15 Although the contamination of eyedrops seems not to cause frequent inflammation and preservatives should inactivate pathogens in the residual fluid, keratitis, 15 – 18 conjunctivitis, 4 , 19 and even endophthalmitis 5 have been reported to be caused by the latter bacteria cultivated from the applied eyedrops. There is a risk for these infections, particularly in the case of disrupted epithelium such as abrasion or leaking filtering blebs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbial Contamination of Glaucoma Eyedrops Used by Patients Compared With Ocular Medications Used in the Hospital

et al. 2015

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The aim of this study was to compare the percentage of contamination of multiuse eyedrops applied by glaucoma patients at home and by the medical personnel at the outpatient department, the ward, and the operating room of our Department of Ophthalmology.Eyedrops were collected over a period of 11 months. Samples were taken from the dropper tip (smear), drops, and the residual fluid inside the bottle and cultivated on blood agar. Colony forming units were counted and identified by mass spectrometry.The percentage of contamination was significantly higher in eyedrops applied by the patients (29/119; 24.4%, P < 0.01), used in the ward (26/133; 19.5%, P < 0.01), and in the outpatient unit (6/35; 17.1%, P = 0.036) compared with that in the operating room (6/113; 5.3%). The median period of use was 1 week in the operating room compared with 4 weeks in the other groups (P < 0.01). Glaucoma medications were significantly more frequently contaminated than antibiotic and anesthetic eyedrops (P < 0.05). For eyedrops applied by the patients, the tip was more frequently contaminated than the drops and the residual internal fluid. For eyedrops from the ward, the opposite was true. Pathogenic strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Acinetobacter lwoffii, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Staphylococcus aureus) were found only in 6 bottles (1.5%), whereas most of the detected microbes belonged to human or environmental flora.This study underlines the importance of hygienic handling of eyedrops and raises the question of whether single-use glaucoma medication might be preferred to reduce the risk of contamination.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Contamination of Glaucoma Eyedrops Used by Patients Compared With Ocular Medications Used in the Hospital

et al. 2015

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“…Estudos mostram que a contaminação de colírios e soluções de irrigação em uso ocorre em ambiente hospitalar e consultórios oftalmológicos com freqüências de 0 a 54,0% no conteúdo e 8,1 a 21,1% no frasco (1)(2)(3)9,13,(32)(33) . No ambiente doméstico é encontrada freqüência maior de contaminação, que varia de 8,0 a 76,0% no conteúdo e 11,3 a 27,0% no frasco (8,(10)(11)15,(34)(35) .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…A parte mais contaminada da água boricada de uso domiciliar foi os frascos (40,5%), enquanto 1 (2,4%) conteúdo liquido apresentou contaminação (Quadro 1). A taxa de contaminação em frascos foi maior do que a encontrada na maioria dos estudos em relação a outros produtos oculares de uso domiciliar (8,(10)(11)34) . Isso se deve provavelmente ao manuseio inapropriado da maioria dos frascos de água boricada pelos usuários.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Uso ocular de água boricada: condições de manuseio e ocorrência de contaminação

José¹,

Branco²,

Ohkawara³

et al. 2007

Arq. Bras. Oftalmol.

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“…4 It can also be said that the population of patients can also have an effect, especially in terms of improper use. 5 Solutions that were free of any preservatives were discovered to be highly prone to contamination as compared to the eye drops with added preservatives. 6 Usually, the instructions are present on the containers of the eye drops for discarding them in four weeks after opening.…”

Section: B a C K G R O U N Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological Safety of Using Eye Drops for More Than a Month

Rajamanickam¹,

Rajendran²,

Basavarajaiah³

et al. 2019

jemds

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BACKGROUND Contaminated ocular eye drops represent the potential source of preventable ocular infection. The present study was carried out for determining the patterns and magnitude of microbiological contamination of the ocular eye drops in an outpatient clinic in the Ophthalmology Department. METHODS A prospective study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital of Mandya district. A total of 60 eye drop bottles used for more than a month were gathered for nearly 6 months. The samples were assembled from the residual fluid present in the bottle and the tip of the dropper. These collected drops are then inoculated on the plates of different culture media such as blood agar and MacConkey agar, and the resultant growth of microbial organisms were then identified using the standard microbial identification techniques. RESULTS 9 out of 60 analyzed bottles showed contamination. The identified bacteria belonged to commensal flora in the eye. The contaminants isolated had coagulase-negative Staphylococci, Acinetobacter and Micrococci. The dropper tips (n=6) were found to be contaminated more than the residual fluid (n=1). Two (n=2) of the bottles showed contamination in both the tip and residual fluid. The mean contamination percentage for this study is 15% which is equal to that of other studies. CONCLUSIONS According to our study, the contamination rate was found to be 15 % which specifies the correct handling and proper application of eye drops. The health care professionals or providers should be aware of this and they must educate the patients and the relatives accompanying them about proper usage of the eye drops.

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Sterility of Glaucoma Medications Among Chronic Users in the Community

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Microbial Contamination of Glaucoma Eyedrops Used by Patients Compared With Ocular Medications Used in the Hospital

Microbial Contamination of Glaucoma Eyedrops Used by Patients Compared With Ocular Medications Used in the Hospital

Uso ocular de água boricada: condições de manuseio e ocorrência de contaminação

Microbiological Safety of Using Eye Drops for More Than a Month

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