STERILISATION OF HEPATITIS AND HTLV-III VIRUSES BY EXPOSURE TO TRI(n-BUTYL)PHOSPHATE AND SODIUM CHOLATE

Prince, A. M.; Horowitz, Bernard; Brotman, Betsy

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(86)91101-3

Cited by 143 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The triplet state, in turn, may transfer its energy to ground-state triplet oxygen, 3 O 2, promoting the formation of excited singlet oxygen, (32). Because of its high reactivity, about 100-Å free mean reaction path (33,34), singlet oxygen reactions with bacteria are most efficient when the singlet oxygen photogenerating molecule is in contact…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To a large extent, pooled human plasma is sterilized by the solvent-detergent method (3)(4)(5), whereas single-donor human plasma is often decontaminated by methylene blue (MB) photoexcitation, which generates reactive oxygen species that safely inactivate many viruses (6,7). However, several Gram-positive and especially Gram-negative bacteria are found to be very resistant to photoinactivating agents such as porphyrins and thiazine dyes, possibly because the outer walls of Gram-negative bacteria, such as Serratia marcescens (SM), are composed of negatively charged lipopolysaccharides, which are resistant to photoinactivation by these dyes (8).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Rationale and mechanism for the low photoinactivation rate of bacteria in plasma

Chen

Cesario

Rentzepis

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The rate of bacterial photoinactivation in plasma by methylene blue (MB), especially for Gram-negative bacteria, has been reported to be lower, by about an order of magnitude, than the rate of inactivation in PBS and water solutions. This low inactivation rate we attribute to the bleaching of the 660-nm absorption band of MB in plasma that results in low yields of MB triplet states and consequently low singlet oxygen generation. We have recorded the change of the MB 660-nm-band optical density in plasma, albumin, and cysteine solutions, as a function of time, after 661-nm excitation. The transient triplet spectra were recorded and the singlet oxygen generated in these solutions was determined by the rate of decrease in the intensity of the 399-nm absorption band of 9, 10-anthracene dipropionic acid. We attribute the bleaching of MB, low singlet oxygen yield, and consequently the low inactivation rate of bacteria in plasma to the attachment of a hydrogen atom, from the S-H group of cysteine, to the central nitrogen atom of MB and formation of cysteine dimer.ADPA | photoinactivation deficiency | Leuco methylene blue | electrophilic attack | transient spectroscopy E ven though infections from bacterially contaminated plasma are thought to be very few (1) and the frequency of patient sepsis caused by transfusion of blood contaminated by bacteria is as low or less than the transfusion-associated hepatitis C virus infection (2), the possibility of such infection cannot be entirely discounted in view of the fact that new or even more resistant strains of known bacteria are being encountered. To a large extent, pooled human plasma is sterilized by the solvent-detergent method (3-5), whereas single-donor human plasma is often decontaminated by methylene blue (MB) photoexcitation, which generates reactive oxygen species that safely inactivate many viruses (6, 7). However, several Gram-positive and especially Gram-negative bacteria are found to be very resistant to photoinactivating agents such as porphyrins and thiazine dyes, possibly because the outer walls of Gram-negative bacteria, such as Serratia marcescens (SM), are composed of negatively charged lipopolysaccharides, which are resistant to photoinactivation by these dyes (8).Gram-positive bacteria and several Gram-negative bacteria are relatively easily inactivated, especially in high-pH MB-PBS solutions, after irradiation with 661-nm light for a rather short period, i.e., 10 min (9). Gram-negative bacteria usually require longer exposure times for inactivation. Table 1 lists the time required for the inactivation of two representative bacteria, coagulasenegative Staphilcocci, CoNS (Gram-positive) and SM (Gramnegative). Inactivation of bacteria dispersed in PBS at pHs 7 and 9 occurs within 20 min or less; however, note that when the same concentration of bacteria, 10 7 /mL, was dispersed in a solution of human plasma containing 2 × 10 −5 M MB and irradiated with the same photon flux of 6.8-mW, 661-nm light-emitting diode (LED) light, the inactivation rate was found ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rationale and mechanism for the low photoinactivation rate of bacteria in plasma

Chen

Cesario

Rentzepis

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Patients with intraoperatively detected hyperfibrinolysis received significantly increased numbers of RBC, plasma, and platelet units. This was the case not only in the perioperative period as shown in Figure 2, but also in the period later than 24 hours after start of surgery, when significantly more RBC (median [IQR] 3.5 [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] were transfused. No differences were found before the perioperative period (data not shown).…”

Section: Hyperfibrinolysismentioning

confidence: 95%

“…[2][3][4] Due to dilution and possible neutralization of the responsible antibodies, SD-plasma has a markedly lower rate of allergic/immunologic reactions including no reported cases of transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI) despite over 10 million units transfused. 5,6 Further, SD-plasma can be regarded as a biopharmaceutical product with Si gnificant perioperative bleeding and transfusions of plasma, red blood cells (RBCs), and platelets are considered part of the normal clinical course of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).…”

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confidence: 99%

Low Incidence of Hyperfibrinolysis and Thromboembolism in 195 Primary Liver Transplantations Transfused with Solvent/Detergent-Treated Plasma

Haugaa

Taraldsrud

Nyrerød

et al. 2014

Clinical Medicine & Research

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pathogen inactivation, the SD treatment secures pathogen reduction. [2][3][4] Due to dilution and possible neutralization of the responsible antibodies, SD-plasma has a markedly lower rate of allergic/immunologic reactions including no reported cases of transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI) despite over 10 million units transfused. 5,6 Further, SD-plasma can be regarded as a biopharmaceutical product with Si gnificant perioperative bleeding and transfusions of plasma, red blood cells (RBCs), and platelets are considered part of the normal clinical course of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).1 By far the two most common plasma products available today are fresh frozen plasma (FFP) from single blood donors and solvent/detergent (SD)-treated pooled plasma. Whereas FFP does not undergo any kind of Background: Liver transplantation regularly requires transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs), plasma, and platelets. Compared to fresh frozen plasma (FFP) from single blood donors, solvent/detergent-treated plasma (SD-plasma) pooled from several hundred blood donors has advantages with respect to pathogen reduction, standardized content of plasma proteins, and significantly reduced risk of transfusion related lung injury and allergic/ immunologic adverse reactions. However, SD-plasma has been suspected to increase the incidence of hyperfibrinolysis and thromboembolic events. Study Design and Methods:We investigated the transfusion practices, hyperfibrinolysis parameters, and thrombosis outcomes in 195 consecutive adult primary liver transplants in our center using SD-plasma (Octaplas) as the exclusive source of plasma.Results: Perioperatively, median (interquartile range) 4 (1 to 9) RBC-units, 10 (4 to 18) plasma-bags, and 0 (0 to 2) platelet-units were transfused. Hyperfibrinolysis defined as LY30 ≤ 7.5% was detected in 12/138 thrombelastography-monitored patients (9%). These patients received significantly more RBCs, plasma, and platelets than did patients without hyperfibrinolysis. Thrombotic graft complications were observed in three patients (2%). Pulmonary embolism was not observed in any patient. Conclusion:SD-plasma is a safe plasma product for liver transplant recipients, and the incidences of hyperfibrinolysis and thromboembolic events are not significantly different from those seen in centers using FFP.

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“…Das Produkt sollte optimal in seiner biologischen Aktivität und natürlichen Konformation erhalten bleiben, und gleichzeitig sollten mögliche kontaminierende Viren inaktiviert werden [202,203]. Behandlung mit β-Propiolacton und UV-Licht [53] ist bei niedriger Proteinkonzentration angewendet wirksam, jedoch nicht in Plasma.…”

Section: Häufigkeit Der Applikation Sowie Art Und Menge Der Blutprodukteunclassified

Humanes Immunschwächevirus (HIV)

Gesundheit¹

2015

Bundesgesundheitsbl.

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STERILISATION OF HEPATITIS AND HTLV-III VIRUSES BY EXPOSURE TO TRI(n-BUTYL)PHOSPHATE AND SODIUM CHOLATE

Cited by 143 publications

References 22 publications

Rationale and mechanism for the low photoinactivation rate of bacteria in plasma

Rationale and mechanism for the low photoinactivation rate of bacteria in plasma

Low Incidence of Hyperfibrinolysis and Thromboembolism in 195 Primary Liver Transplantations Transfused with Solvent/Detergent-Treated Plasma

Humanes Immunschwächevirus (HIV)

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