Sterile insect release and trypanosomiasis control: a plea for realism

Hursey, B. S.

doi:10.1016/s1471-4922(01)02021-9

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Others argue that control is not sustainable nor cost-effective in the long-term. Some of those support the use of SIT to eliminate remaining tsetse after an initial reduction phase [2, 18, 105, 143, 144]. Although the use of SIT was initially planned on a large scale in three countries (Burkina Faso, Uganda and Ethiopia) within the Phase I of the PATTEC, only the Deme Valley in Ethiopia is being treated so far.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Past and Ongoing Tsetse and Animal Trypanosomiasis Control Operations in Five African Countries: A Systematic Review

et al. 2016

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BackgroundControl operations targeting Animal African Trypanosomiasis and its primary vector, the tsetse, were covering approximately 128,000 km2 of Africa in 2001, which is a mere 1.3% of the tsetse infested area. Although extensive trypanosomiasis and tsetse (T&T) control operations have been running since the beginning of the 20th century, Animal African Trypanosomiasis is still a major constraint of livestock production in sub-Saharan Africa.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe performed a systematic review of the existing literature describing T&T control programmes conducted in a selection of five African countries, namely Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Uganda and Zambia, between 1980 and 2015. Sixty-eight documents were eventually selected from those identified by the database search. This was supplemented with information gathered through semi-structured interviews conducted with twelve key informants recruited in the study countries and selected based on their experience and knowledge of T&T control. The combined information from these two sources was used to describe the inputs, processes and outcomes from 23 major T&T control programmes implemented in the study countries. Although there were some data gaps, involvement of the target communities and sustainability of the control activities were identified as the two main issues faced by these programmes. Further, there was a lack of evaluation of these control programmes, as well as a lack of a standardised methodology to conduct such evaluations.Conclusions/SignificancePast experiences demonstrated that coordinated and sustained control activities require careful planning, and evidence of successes, failures and setbacks from past control programmes represent a mine of information. As there is a lack of evaluation of these programmes, these data have not been fully exploited for the design, analyses and justification of future control programmes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Past and Ongoing Tsetse and Animal Trypanosomiasis Control Operations in Five African Countries: A Systematic Review

et al. 2016

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“…The successful eradication of the tsetse-fly Glossina austeni from Zanzibar also led to criticism of the idea of deploying SIT for tsetse control elsewhere in Africa [ 4 ], because of the costs and the plethora of potential vectors of trypanosomiasis. In a rejoinder, Hursey [ 5 ] argues that SIT is technically proven as a tool for tsetse eradication and feasible in practice. Given the low reproductive rate and population dynamics of tsetse populations, initial population suppression by a combination of tools, followed by sterile insect release could be feasible for some tsetse species or populations.…”

Section: Epiloguementioning

confidence: 99%

“…One aspect not considered in this supplement is a cost-benefit analysis of SIT. Carrying out cost-benefit analysis of control programmes is fraught with difficulty, particularly if scale-up is not given appropriate consideration, as the arguments over tsetse eradication proved [ 5 ]. However, if SIT is to make a significant impact in the control of African malaria vectors, particularly outside of the Sudan trial area, progress must be made in determining the overall costs and how these compare with more conventional methods deploying insecticides or anti-malarial drugs.…”

Section: Epiloguementioning

confidence: 99%

SIT for African malaria vectors: Epilogue

Townson

2009

Malar J

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As a result of increased support and the diligent application of new and conventional anti-malaria tools, significant reductions in malaria transmission are being accomplished. Historical and current evolutionary responses of vectors and parasites to malaria interventions demonstrate that it is unwise to assume that a limited suite of tools will remain effective indefinitely, thus efforts to develop new interventions should continue. This collection of manuscripts surveys the prospects and technical challenges for applying a novel tool, the sterile insect technique (SIT), against mosquitoes that transmit malaria. The method has been very successful against many agricultural pest insects in area-wide programs, but demonstrations against malaria vectors have not been sufficient to determine its potential relative to current alternatives, much of which will hinge ultimately upon cost. These manuscripts provide an overview of current efforts to develop SIT and identify key research issues that remain. EpilogueThis supplement represents the collective efforts of many specialists in the field. As such, it provides an important resource for all who seek to understand the biology and behaviour of the Anopheles gambiae complex, and not solely for those with interests in the use of the sterile insect technique (SIT). The coverage is impressively broad, covering the problematic areas of reproductive number (how can we get reliable estimates of R 0 ?), mating behaviour and male competitiveness, the maintenance of polymorphisms in laboratory-reared specimens, ingenious methods for sex separation, screening mosquitoes for release to reduce transmission of viruses and other potential mosquito pathogens, alternative methods to radiation sterilization for inducing sterility and the essential details of radiation biology of mosquitoes. The authors are to be congratulated on the thoroughness of their approach which, in part, reflects the knowledge and experience gained during the many years of use of SIT for pests of agricultural importance and the large scale and highly successful programmes for the eradication of the New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax [1].SIT has helped eradicate the melon fly from Okinawa, stopped the invasion of southern Mexico by the Mediterranean fruit fly and helped eradicate the same species from Chile and southern Peru with enormous economic benefits for these countries, since their fruits can be imported elsewhere without quarantine. Bollworm moths and the codling moth have also been effectively controlled by employing SIT within an area-wide integrated programme [1].However, SIT has not been without its sceptics and outright critics. During the screwworm eradication programme in Texas, it was argued that the decline of the screwworm population owed more to climatic factors than to the SIT programme, an interpretation that was roundly rejected [2]. Without the SIT programme, it is certainly possible that Africa would also have been blighted

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Sterile insect release and trypanosomiasis control: a plea for realism

Cited by 2 publications

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Past and Ongoing Tsetse and Animal Trypanosomiasis Control Operations in Five African Countries: A Systematic Review

Past and Ongoing Tsetse and Animal Trypanosomiasis Control Operations in Five African Countries: A Systematic Review

SIT for African malaria vectors: Epilogue

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