Stereotypic ingroup bias as self‐defense against relative deprivation: evidence from a longitudinal study of the German unification process

Abstract

In a longitudinal questionnaire field study on psychological consequences

Values, identities and social constructions of the European Union among Turkish university youth

“…Low status groups often acknowledge superiority of the high status groups on status defining criteria, e.g. economic conditions in the case of European countries, but often claim superiority on alternate (often moral) criteria (Ellemers & van Rijswicjk, 1997;Poppe & Linssen, 1999;Schmit & Maes, 2002;Vadinu & Cerchioni, 2001). High status groups are generally more prototypic of the superordinate group, and low prototypicality of low status groups constitutes justification for their low status and inferior reward allocations (Wenzel, 2001).…”

Catch Up and Keep Up: Relative Deprivation and Conspicuous Consumption in an Emerging Market

“…A number of outcomes resulting from perceptions of relative deprivation have been suggested, including responses such as emotional stress, negative impacts on well-being, and poor physical and mental health (Bourguignon et al 2006;López Turley 2002;Schmitt and Maes 2002). Public health studies have linked relative deprivation to negative effects on stress, depression, heart disease, high blood pressure, suicide, homicide, eating habits, alcohol abuse, and mortality (López Turley 2002;Szwarcwald et al 1999;Ziller 2004), and self-esteem (Tougas et al 2004).…”

“…Responses to relative deprivation include protest (Bourguignon et al 2006;Schmitt and Maes 2002), violence (Caprioli 2005), and migration (Quinn 2006;Valencia 2008). Others may respond to the negative psychological effects of relative deprivation by trying harder to succeed to improve their quality of life (Liao, Fu, and Yi 2005;López Turley 2002).…”

“…Public health studies have linked relative deprivation to negative effects on stress, depression, heart disease, high blood pressure, suicide, homicide, eating habits, alcohol abuse, and mortality (López Turley 2002;Szwarcwald et al 1999;Ziller 2004), and self-esteem (Tougas et al 2004). It has also been found that emotional stress is symptomatic of egoistic relative deprivation while protest is mostly a consequence of fraternal deprivation (Schmitt and Maes 2002).…”

Who Is to Blame?

“…For intergroup relations, the latter construct is central. Numerous different definitions of perceived relative deprivation can be found in the literature (Walker & Smith, 2002), for instance as a discrepancy between expectations and capabilities (Gurr, 1970), as an is-ought discrepancy (Schmitt & Maes, 2002), as including both wanting and deserving as necessary conditions (Olson, Roese, Meen, & Robertson, 1995), or as including the necessary conditions of both negative outcomes and illegitimacy appraisals (Kawakami & Dion, 1995;see Crosby, 1976;and Folger, 1986, for yet other conceptualisations).…”