Stereotypes of Stay-at-Home and Working Mothers

Odenweller, Kelly G.; Rittenour, Christine E.

doi:10.1080/1041794x.2017.1287214

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…There were 149 participants who provided a response to this question. To analyze our open-ended data, we mirrored quantitative processes of previous stereotype-uncovering studies [ 26 , 41 , 42 ]. Similar to a content analysis in which open-ended data is systematically quantified, this process of data reduction focuses on systematically reducing data as opposed to interpreting its meanings [ 45 ].…”

Section: Data Analysis and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants were asked to write the “words and phrases that you have heard others say about people who cease contact with a parent,” including “those words or phrases that come to mind, even if you disagree or believe them to be inaccurate.” This procedure follows those of several communication scholars interested in determining the stereotypes publicly held of targeted groups [ 26 , 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to those within the family harboring negative attitudes and assumptions about their “different” family members—an underlying mechanism of estrangement processes [ 14 ]—the overall structure of a family also cues stereotypes among perceivers [ 17 ]. Specific roles within the family have also been viewed from an intergroup perspective, with researchers demonstrating how society judges outgroups of stay-at-home and working mothers [ 26 ] as well as gay fathers [ 27 ]. As family is the site of heightened scrutiny, overgeneralization, distortion, and simplification, those family members severing the iconic parent‒child relationship are likely to be viewed negatively and stereotyped accordingly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Communication Surrounding Estrangement: Stereotypes, Attitudes, and (Non)Accommodation Strategies

Rittenour¹,

Kromka²,

Pitts³

et al. 2018

Behavioral Sciences

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To address Americans’ general attitudes and behavioral intentions toward adult children who are estranged from their parents, the current study employed online survey data from 151 Americans recruited through Amazon MTurk. Their responses revealed negative stereotypes (e.g., childish, ungrateful) and positive stereotypes (e.g., independent, strong) of the adult child who is estranged, as well as negative assessments of the parent who is estranged. Generally, participants perceived the adult children as more competent than warm. Compared to other participants in this sample, those participants who were estrangers or estrangees themselves held more positive attitudes overall, including more positive perceptions of estranged children’s warmth and competence. In response to open-ended survey questions asking participants how they would communicate with someone they knew to be estranged, common responses were avoidance of family-related topics, (heightened) physical distance, and accommodation to the needs of the person who is estranged. Implications are discussed surrounding the lack of warmth associated with those experiencing estrangement.

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Section: Data Analysis and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Communication Surrounding Estrangement: Stereotypes, Attitudes, and (Non)Accommodation Strategies

Rittenour¹,

Kromka²,

Pitts³

et al. 2018

Behavioral Sciences

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“…Conversely, women who are mothers are typically perceived as being warm and communal, and are admired (Bays, ). However, factors associated with less positive ratings of mothers include: working (Odenweller & Rittenour, ), being single (DeJean, McGeorge, & Stone Carlson, ), and being in a same sex relationship (Valiquette‐Tessier et al, ). A systematic review concluded being a middle aged, married mother appears to be the “gold standard”; the prototype by which all other mothers are judged (Valiquette‐Tessier et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intersecting identities: How race and age influence perceptions of mothers

Sheeran

Jones

Perolini

2019

Australian Journal of Psychology

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Objective Prior research has suggested adolescent mothers and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are perceived (or stereotyped) negatively compared to adult mothers and Anglo‐Australians respectively. The present study examined contemporary attitudes and stereotypes of Australian mothers with intersecting identities of age and race. We were particularly interested in the impact of race on the stereotypes of adolescent versus adult mothers. Method Participants (n = 323) completed an online survey comprising free response questions and validated scales assessing their stereotypes, cognitive evaluations, feelings, and overall favourability towards one of the four target mothers: Anglo‐Australian adult, Anglo‐Australian adolescent, Indigenous‐Australian adult, and Indigenous‐Australian adolescent. We predicted attitudes towards adult mothers would be more positive compared to adolescent mothers, and Anglo‐Australian mothers more positive compared to Indigenous‐Australian mothers. Further, we predicted stereotypes would reflect historical inequalities and changing societal values related to childrearing. Results Anglo‐Australian adult mothers were perceived most positively, while adolescent mothers were perceived least positively, irrespective of race. Stereotypes of Indigenous‐Australian adult mothers shared commonalities with Anglo‐Australian adult mothers, but also reflected the disadvantaged position of Indigenous people in Australia, by positioning them as financially dependent. Stereotypes of adolescent mothers were consistently negative, with conservative views of sexuality positioning then as lacking agency and control, while also blaming them for their disadvantaged situation. Conclusions The negative community stereotypes of adolescent mothers are consistent with adolescent mothers' perceptions.

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“…The cultural arrangement currently in force generates, in the words of Odenweller and Rittenour (2017), stereotypes of women who play professional roles and women who exclusively dedicate themselves to domestic chores. The situation is quite complex because the fact that women are included in the world of work seems not to have affected their expectations that they will dedicate themselves to their offspring, according to a scheme women experience that is known as "double shift" (Sullivan, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternidade e sofrimento social em mommy blogs brasileiros

Visintin

Aiello-Vaisbgerg

2017

Psicologia - Teoria E Prática

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the collective imaginary about motherhood. It is justified since, in contemporary society, motherhood appears associated with socially determined sufferings, despite its rewarding facets. It is organized around the use of the psychoanalytic method, here operationalized regarding investigative procedures of a survey, selection, register, and interpretation of posts from Brazilian blogs. The consideration of the material allowed the interpretative production of two fields of affective-emotional meaning: "I am a mother, therefore I am", and "Exclusive mother". These fields indicate the prevalence of a collective imaginary that, with heavy demands on women, promotes emotional suffering.Keywords: Motherhood; social suffering; collective imaginary; mommy blogs; psychoanalytic method. MATERNIDADE E SOFRIMENTO SOCIAL EM MOMMY BLOGS BRASILEIROSResumo: Esta pesquisa objetiva investigar o imaginário coletivo sobre a maternidade. Justifica-se na medida em que esta, apesar de suas facetas gratificantes, parece associada, na contemporaneidade, a sofrimentos socialmente determinados. Organiza-se por meio do uso do método psicanalítico, operacionalizado em termos de procedimentos investigativos de levantamento, seleção, registro e interpretação de postagens de blogues pessoais brasileiros. A consideração do material permite a produção interpretativa de dois campos de sentido afetivo-emocional: "Sou mãe, logo existo" e "Mãe exclusiva". Tais campos indicam a prevalência, no conjunto do material, de um imaginário coletivo que, com pesadas exigências à mulher, favorece seu sofrimento emocional.Palavras-chave: maternidade; sofrimento social; imaginário coletivo; mommy blogs; método psicanalítico. MATERNIDAD Y SUFRIMIENTO SOCIAL EN MOMMY BLOGS BRASILEÑOSResumen: Este estudio objetiva investigar el imaginario colectivo sobre la maternidad. Se justifica en la medida en que ésta, a pesar de sus facetas gratificantes, parece asociada, en la contemporaneidad, a sufrimientos socialmente determinados. Se organiza por medio del uso del método psicoanalítico, operacionalizado en procedimientos investigativos de levantamiento, selección, registro e interpretación de publicaciones de blogs personales brasileños. La consideración del material permitió la producción interpreta-1 tiva de dos campos de sentido afectivo-emocional: "Soy madre, luego existo" y "Madre exclusiva". Los campos en el conjunto del material indican la prevalencia de un imaginario colectivo que, con pesadas exigencias a la mujer, favorece su sufrimiento emocional. Palabras clave: Maternidade; sufrimiento social; imaginario colectivo; mommy blogs; método psicoanalítico.

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Stereotypes of Stay-at-Home and Working Mothers

Cited by 21 publications

References 47 publications

Communication Surrounding Estrangement: Stereotypes, Attitudes, and (Non)Accommodation Strategies

Communication Surrounding Estrangement: Stereotypes, Attitudes, and (Non)Accommodation Strategies

Intersecting identities: How race and age influence perceptions of mothers

Maternidade e sofrimento social em mommy blogs brasileiros

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