Stereotypes and Structure in the Interaction between Facial Emotional Expression and Sex Characteristics

Craig, Belinda M.; Lee, Anthony J.

doi:10.1007/s40750-020-00141-5

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 132 publications

(159 reference statements)

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“…Past studies have identified that interactions between sex and emotion can arise through multiple mechanisms including a contribution of bottom-up perceptual (visual structural overlap) and higher-order evaluative processes or stereotypic overlap between sex and emotion categories, or both (Becker et al, 2007; Bijlstra et al, 2010; Hugenberg & Sczesny, 2006; see Craig & Lee, 2020 for a review). For example, an angry expression on a male face may be recognized more efficiently than on a female face due to the bottom-up influence of masculine features such as an angular jaw and prominent brows accentuating an angry snarl (see Becker et al, 2007 for empirical evidence of this mechanism).…”

Section: Simple Categorizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bodily cues of sex and emotion can interact symmetrically: Evidence from simple categorization and the garner paradigm.

Craig¹,

Lipp²

2023

Emotion

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Although much research has investigated how multiple sources of social information derived from faces are processed and integrated, few studies have extended this investigation to bodies. The current study addressed this gap by investigating the nature of the interaction between bodily cues of sex and emotion. Using the Garner paradigm, participants recruited from a university student participant pool categorized the sex or the emotional expression (happy and angry in Experiment 1 [n = 194], angry and sad in Experiment 2 [n = 129]) of bodies across two block types. In orthogonal blocks, participants categorized bodies along one dimension while the second dimension was varied (e.g., categorizing the sex of happy and angry bodies), whereas in control blocks the second dimension was held constant (e.g., categorizing the sex of only happy bodies). Responses were analyzed in two ways. Comparing response times across blocks revealed Garner interference (overall faster categorization in the control than in the orthogonal block) of sex on emotion perception and emotion on sex perception in Experiment 1 but not Experiment 2. Comparing condition level responses in orthogonal blocks indicated that sex cues moderated emotion categorization and emotion cues moderated sex categorization in both experiments. A symmetrical interaction between bodily sex and emotion cues can be observed in simple categorization as well as in the Garner paradigm, though the presence of Garner interference depended on the valence of the expressions used. Given similar results observed in face processing, finding interactivity in body perception is likely to generalize beyond the study sample.

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Section: Simple Categorizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, where there is ambiguity, a person may incorrectly label the expression/category membership in line with the identified social biases. The interaction between the attributes of sex and emotion, has been the target of many studies (see Craig & Lee, 2020 for a review).…”

Section: Simple Categorizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bodily cues of sex and emotion can interact symmetrically: Evidence from simple categorization and the garner paradigm.

Craig¹,

Lipp²

2023

Emotion

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“…Por un lado, tanto el efecto de ventaja endogrupal en mujeres y la tendencia a exogrupal en hombres, podría atribuirse a algunos aspectos biológicos relacionados con el rol que ejercen en la crianza las mujeres (Baptista et al, 2017), sumados a ciertas diferencias morfológicas, hormonales y neuronales observadas en otros estudios (Craig & Lee, 2020;Kret & De Gelder, 2012;McDuff et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discusión Y Conclusionesunclassified

“…Otra variable que genera diferencia en el reconocimiento de expresiones de emoción es la edad; la habilidad de reconocer expresiones faciales de emoción se desarrolla en la infancia temprana y aumenta conforme la edad, hasta llegar a un punto máximo y comenzar a decaer apuntan a un posible efecto de ventaja endogrupal en mujeres, particularmente se ha encontrado que las mujeres tienen un desempeño mayor cuando el estímulo utilizado presenta mujeres emitiendo la emoción, sobre todo si pertenecen al mismo grupo racial (Craig & Lee, 2020). Considerando la variable de edad, Mestas et al (2015) encontraron que niños tenían un mejor desempeño decodificando emociones si el estímulo presentaba a un niño en lugar de un adulto.…”

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Comunicación no verbal de emociones: variables sociodemográficas y ventaja endogrupal

Verdugo

Candil

2022

Rev. iberoam. psicol.

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En el campo de la comunicación no verbal de las emociones aún existe un debate en torno a la universalidad de las expresiones de emoción y el efecto que tiene la cultura en ellas. Actualmente existen dos teorías que tratan de explicar este fenómeno, la teoría neurocultural y la teoría de los dialectos. Ambas se enfocan en explicar la comunicación no verbal de emociones, pero la primera se centra en los aspectos universales, mientras que la segunda lo hace en la cultura. El objetivo del presente estudio fue indagar la ventaja endogrupal al interior de una cultura. Se diseñó un cuasiexperimento en el que se solicitó a 107 participantes que indicaran la emoción expresada en 42 estímulos en tres formatos de presentación distintos. Los resultados indican la existencia de dicha ventaja en las mujeres y jóvenes. Los presentes resultados ilustran los efectos de la cultura en este fenómeno.

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“…Facial expressions are phylogenetically ancient and shared across many non-human primate species 4 . In humans, facial expressions are universally performed across disparate societies and while perceptions of some emotions show cross-cultural variation 5 , within cultures, facial expressions are recognisable displays of emotional states 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial hair may slow detection of happy facial expressions in the face in the crowd paradigm

Dixson

Spiers

Miller

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Human visual systems have evolved to extract ecologically relevant information from complex scenery. In some cases, the face in the crowd visual search task demonstrates an anger superiority effect, where anger is allocated preferential attention. Across three studies (N = 419), we tested whether facial hair guides attention in visual search and influences the speed of detecting angry and happy facial expressions in large arrays of faces. In Study 1, participants were faster to search through clean-shaven crowds and detect bearded targets than to search through bearded crowds and detect clean-shaven targets. In Study 2, targets were angry and happy faces presented in neutral backgrounds. Facial hair of the target faces was also manipulated. An anger superiority effect emerged that was augmented by the presence of facial hair, which was due to the slower detection of happiness on bearded faces. In Study 3, targets were happy and angry faces presented in either bearded or clean-shaven backgrounds. Facial hair of the background faces was also systematically manipulated. A significant anger superiority effect was revealed, although this was not moderated by the target’s facial hair. Rather, the anger superiority effect was larger in clean-shaven than bearded face backgrounds. Together, results suggest that facial hair does influence detection of emotional expressions in visual search, however, rather than facilitating an anger superiority effect as a potential threat detection system, facial hair may reduce detection of happy faces within the face in the crowd paradigm.

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Stereotypes and Structure in the Interaction between Facial Emotional Expression and Sex Characteristics

Cited by 18 publications

References 132 publications

Bodily cues of sex and emotion can interact symmetrically: Evidence from simple categorization and the garner paradigm.

Bodily cues of sex and emotion can interact symmetrically: Evidence from simple categorization and the garner paradigm.

Comunicación no verbal de emociones: variables sociodemográficas y ventaja endogrupal

Facial hair may slow detection of happy facial expressions in the face in the crowd paradigm

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