Stereotyped Acts

Baumeister, Alfred A.; Forehand, Rex

doi:10.1016/s0074-7750(08)60037-3

Cited by 109 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Stereotyped behaviors were defined as repetitive movements or behaviors that did not appear to serve an adaptive function (Baumeister and Forehand 1973; as cited in Kennedy et al 2000). Consensus was reached amongst the teacher, aide and researcher for the specific targeted behaviors, identified in Table 1.…”

Section: Targeted Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weighted Vests, Stereotyped Behaviors and Arousal in Children with Autism

Hodgetts

Magill‐Evans

Misiaszek

2010

J Autism Dev Disord

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The homeostatic theory of stereotyped behaviors assumes that these behaviors modulate arousal. Weighted vests are used to decrease stereotyped behaviors in persons with autism because the input they provide is thought to serve the same homeostatic function. This small-n, randomized and blinded study measured the effects of wearing a weighted vest on stereotyped behaviors and heart rate for six children with autism in the classroom. Weighted vests did not decrease motoric stereotyped behaviors in any participant. Verbal stereotyped behaviors decreased in one participant. Weighted vests did not decrease heart rate. Heart rate increased in one participant. Based on this protocol, the use of weighted vests to decrease stereotyped behaviors or arousal in children with autism in the classroom was not supported.

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Section: Targeted Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weighted Vests, Stereotyped Behaviors and Arousal in Children with Autism

Hodgetts

Magill‐Evans

Misiaszek

2010

J Autism Dev Disord

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“…Stereotyped behaviors are generally defined as repetitive interests and/or motor or vocal sequences that appear to an observer to be invariant in form and without any obvious eliciting stimulus or adaptive function (Baumeister and Forehand 1973;Berkson and Davenport 1962;Lewis and Baumeister 1982;Ridley and Baker 1982). According to the DSM-IV-TR (APA 2000), this core feature of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is identified when a person exhibits at least one of the following: ''(a) encompassing preoccupation with one or more stereotyped and restricted patterns of interest that is abnormal either in intensity or focus; (b) apparently inflexible adherence to specific, nonfunctional routines or rituals; (c) stereotyped and repetitive motor mannerisms (e.g., hand or finger flapping or twisting or complex whole-body movements); or (d) persistent preoccupation with parts of objects' ' (p. 75).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated Detection of Stereotypical Motor Movements

Goodwin

Intille

Albinali

et al. 2010

J Autism Dev Disord

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To overcome problems with traditional methods for measuring stereotypical motor movements in persons with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), we evaluated the use of wireless three-axis accelerometers and pattern recognition algorithms to automatically detect body rocking and hand flapping in children with ASD. Findings revealed that, on average, pattern recognition algorithms correctly identified approximately 90% of stereotypical motor movements repeatedly observed in both laboratory and classroom settings. Precise and efficient recording of stereotypical motor movements could enable researchers and clinicians to systematically study what functional relations exist between these behaviors and specific antecedents and consequences. These measures could also facilitate efficacy studies of behavioral and pharmacologic interventions intended to replace or decrease the incidence or severity of stereotypical motor movements.

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“…Support for the hypothesis from the areas of sensory reinforcement and sensory deprivation is also reviewed. Psychologists and ethologists, who have been studying these behaviors for some time, have referred to them as "abnormal stereotyped acts," "mannerisms," "motility disturbances," "ritualistic acts," "rhythmic habit patterns," "blindisms," or "autisms" (e.g., Baumeister & Forehand, 1973;Berkson, 1967;Mitchell & Etches, 1977 (Lovaas, Varni, Koegel, & Lorsch, 1977) despite our discouragement of it. Other unexpected and elaborate repertoires also developed during treatment, such as obsession with numbers, compulsive arrangement of letters, and frequent assembly and reassembly of the same jigsaw puzzle (Epstein, Taubman, & Lovaas, 1985).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐stimulatory Behavior and Perceptual Reinforcement

Lovaas¹,

Newsom²,

Hickman³

1987

J of App Behav Analysis

313

198

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Self-stimulatory behavior is repetitive, stereotyped, functionally autonomous behavior seen in both normal and developmentally disabled populations, yet no satisfactory theory of its development and major characteristics has previously been offered. We present here a detailed hypothesis of the acquisition and maintenance of self-stimulatory behavior, proposing that the behaviors are operant responses whose reinforcers are automatically produced interoceptive and exteroceptive perceptual consequences. The concept of perceptual stimuli and reinforcers, the durability of self-stimulatory behaviors, the sensory extinction effect, the inverse relationship between self-stimulatory and other behaviors, the blocking effect of self-stimulatory behavior on new learning, and response substitution effects are discussed in terms of the hypothesis. Support for the hypothesis from the areas of sensory reinforcement and sensory deprivation is also reviewed. Psychologists and ethologists, who have been studying these behaviors for some time, have referred to them as "abnormal stereotyped acts," "mannerisms," "motility disturbances," "ritualistic acts," "rhythmic habit patterns," "blindisms," or "autisms" (e.g., Baumeister & Forehand, 1973;Berkson, 1967;Mitchell & Etches, 1977 (Lovaas, Varni, Koegel, & Lorsch, 1977) despite our discouragement of it. Other unexpected and elaborate repertoires also developed during treatment, such as obsession with numbers, compulsive arrangement of letters, and frequent assembly and reassembly of the same jigsaw puzzle (Epstein, Taubman, & Lovaas, 1985). The children who made the largest gains in treatment were also the ones who emerged with the largest repertoire of such "personally contributed" behaviors.To date, no comprehensive theory of self-stimulatory behavior in the developmentally disabled has been proposed. Most theorizing in this area has consisted of unelaborated accounts of specific experimental results, often focusing on body-rock-46 SELF-STIMULATORY BEHAVIOR ing as the "prototypical" self-stimulatory behavior. As a result, Baumeister (1978) found it necessary to create a five-way classification scheme simply to impose some order on the many different accounts, noting that none explained very many findings. The purpose of this paper is to present in some detail the hypothesis that self-stimulatory behavior is operant behavior that is maintained automatically by the reinforcing perceptual stimuli that it produces. This hypothesis will be used to explain the acquisition of representative behaviors and the etiology of self-stimulatory behavior in developmentally disabled persons, as well as certain prominent characteristics of self-stimulatory behavior. Empirical support for this hypothesis is offered from relevant areas of research. The Discussion considers two representative alternative theories and describes implications of our hypothesis for the treatment of developmentally disabled persons and the understanding of apparently related behaviors in other populations. PERCEPTUAL REINFO...

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Stereotyped Acts

Cited by 109 publications

References 43 publications

Weighted Vests, Stereotyped Behaviors and Arousal in Children with Autism

Weighted Vests, Stereotyped Behaviors and Arousal in Children with Autism

Automated Detection of Stereotypical Motor Movements

Self‐stimulatory Behavior and Perceptual Reinforcement

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