Stereotype (In)Accuracy in Perceptions of Groups and Individuals

Jussim, Lee; Crawford, Jarret T.; Rubinstein, Rachel

doi:10.1177/0963721415605257

Cited by 151 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This interpretation is consistent with a recent study by Kirkegaard & Bjerrekaer (2016), who found that Danish people's estimates of welfare use rates for 70 origin country groups correlated at r = .70 [.55, .80] with the actual use rates for those groups. 4 Both of the preceding findings are in line with a larger body of research on stereotype accuracy for demographic groups (Jussim, 2012;Jussim, Crawford, & Rubinstein, 2015; and see Landy, Guay & Marghetis, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Stereotype accuracy is commonly examined at both the individual (personal) level and the aggregate (consensual) level (Jussim et al, 2015). Each of these levels has its own benefits.…”

Section: Aggregate Stereotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, it is unclear why members of the host population would come to hold particular stereotypes if 4 Note that both Carl's (2016) and Kirkegaard & Bjerrekaer's (2016) effect sizes correspond to consensual stereotype accuracy correlations (see Jussim et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Are Immigration Policy Preferences Based on Accurate Stereotypes?

Kirkegaard¹,

Carl²,

Bjerrekær³

2017

Preprint

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Stereotypes about 32 country-of-origin groups were measured using an approximately representative survey of the Danish population (n = 476 after quality control). Participants were asked to estimate each group's net fiscal contribution in Denmark. These estimates were then compared to the actual net fiscal contributions for the 32 groups, taken from a recent study by the Danish Ministry of Finance. Syria was an outlier, and was excluded from our analyses (although doing so made little difference to the results). Stereotypes were found to be highly accurate, both at the aggregate level (r = .85) and at the individual level (median r = .65). Interestingly, participants over-rather than under-estimated the net fiscal contributions of groups from countries with a higher percentage of Muslims. Indeed, this was true at both the aggregate and individual levels (r = -.30 and median r = -.55, respectively). Participants were also asked to say how many immigrants from each group should be admitted to Denmark. There was an extremely strong correlation between participants' aggregate immigration policy preferences and their estimates of the 32 groups' fiscal contributions (r = .98), suggesting that their preferences partly reflect accurate stereotypes.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Stereotype accuracy is commonly examined at both the individual (personal) level and the aggregate (consensual) level (Jussim et al, 2015). Each of these levels has its own benefits.…”

Section: Aggregate Stereotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Are Immigration Policy Preferences Based on Accurate Stereotypes?

Kirkegaard¹,

Carl²,

Bjerrekær³

2017

Preprint

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“…Jussim, Crawford, and Rubinstein (2015) suggest a three-step empirical process when assessing stereotype accuracy, namely (a) assessing people's descriptive beliefs about a group, (b) identifying criteria that establish group characteristics, and (c) comparing beliefs to criteria. In comparing beliefs to criteria, Jussim and colleagues suggest that a discrepancy of more than 20%, or a correlation r < .25, indicates an inaccurate stereotype.…”

Section: Are Gamers Predominantly Male?mentioning

confidence: 99%

What is a True Gamer? The Male Gamer Stereotype and the Marginalization of Women in Video Game Culture

Paaßen¹,

2016

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Women and men play video games in approximately equal numbers. Despite this similarity, video gaming is still strongly associated with men. A common justification for this stereotype is that, although women might play games, they should not be considered "true" or "hard-core" gamers because they play more casually and less skillfully compared to their male counterparts. In this contribution, we review the existing literature on gender and gaming to investigate the male gamer stereotype in terms of its accuracy, persistence, effects, and future perspective. We conclude that the stereotype varies in accuracy depending on the definition of "gamer." We further argue that the persistence of this stereotype can be explained by the fact that almost all professional and highly visible figures in gaming culture are male. On the other hand, female players who achieve a moderate level of competence are rendered invisible or are actively marginalized. We argue that the effects of the male gamer stereotype can be harmful to women, precluding them from the positive outcomes of video game play such as enhanced access to fields of science, technology, and engineering.

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“…This is also the approach to stereotypes and stereotyping generally found in entrepreneurship research, where it is mostly used in relation to gender roles (see for example Gupta et al 2009). However, other scholars argue for the opposite, claiming that 'stereotype accuracy is one of the largest and most replicable findings in social psychology' (Jussim et al 2015). Another body of literature revolves around the 'kernel of truth hypothesis' (Prothro and Melikian 1955), which poses that 'stereotypes are based on some empirical reality.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing stereotypes to facilitate dialogue between social entrepreneurs and local government

2018

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Social enterprises and government share the ultimate goal of solving societal problems, which provides a lot of potential for collaboration between the two parties. While the local government level is the most relevant for social enterprises, little research has been done on the relationship between social entrepreneurs and local government officials. However, in the Netherlands, social enterprises experience these relations as far from optimal, evidenced by the fact that they named 'regulations and government policy' as the most important obstacle for increasing their impact in a 2015 sector survey. Therefore, a pilot project was started with social entrepreneurs in an Amsterdam neighbourhood, forming a learning network aiming to improve relations with local government. In the network, an innovative tool was developed in the form of a set of five illustrated stereotypes of social entrepreneurs with certain views towards local government. These stereotypes serve both as a reflection tool for social entrepreneurs and as a communication tool to open dialogue between social entrepreneurs and local government. We conclude that in an applied research project, it is crucial to place focus on the final phases in which results are reformulated into practical tools to match target groups, and resulting tools are distributed through targeted events and publications.

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Stereotype (In)Accuracy in Perceptions of Groups and Individuals

Cited by 151 publications

References 26 publications

Are Immigration Policy Preferences Based on Accurate Stereotypes?

Are Immigration Policy Preferences Based on Accurate Stereotypes?

What is a True Gamer? The Male Gamer Stereotype and the Marginalization of Women in Video Game Culture

Developing stereotypes to facilitate dialogue between social entrepreneurs and local government

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