Stereotype content model across cultures: Towards universal similarities and some differences

Abstract

The stereotype content model (SCM) proposes potentially universal principles of societal stereotypes and their relation to social structure. Here, the SCM reveals theoretically grounded, cross-cultural, cross-groups similarities and one difference across 10 non-US nations. Seven European (individualist) and three East Asian (collectivist) nations (N = 1, 028) support three hypothesized cross-cultural similarities: (a) perceived warmth and competence reliably differentiate societal group stereotypes; (b) many out-groups receive ambivalent stereotypes (high on one dimension; low on the other); and (c) high status groups stereotypically are competent, whereas competitive groups stereotypically lack warmth. Data uncover one consequential cross-cultural difference: (d) the more collectivist cultures do not locate reference groups (in-groups and societal prototype groups) in the most positive cluster (high-competence/high-warmth), unlike individualist cultures. This demonstrates out-group derogation without obvious reference-group favouritism. The SCM can serve as a pancultural tool for predicting group stereotypes from structural relations with other groups in society, and comparing across societies.

Botsourcing and outsourcing: Robot, British, Chinese, and German workers are for thinking—not feeling—jobs.

“…Participants answered the same questions as in Experiment 6a, this time for citizens of Ireland and England (referred to as "the UK/England"), two countries that previous research indicates evoke perceptions of high warmth and low competence and high competence and low warmth, respectively (Cuddy et al, 2009). As in Experiment 6b, we predicted that participants would rate Irish citizens as less robotic than English citizens and thus prefer outsourcing emotion-oriented versus cognition-oriented jobs to them versus English citizens.…”

The perception of the poor: Capturing stereotype content with different measures

“…To validate this assumption, we have plotted the explicit warmth/competence ratings from Study 1, Study 2a, and Study 2b together with the SCM mapping from other countries in Figure 4. The competence ratings in Figure 4 are within the "low" range, whereas the warmth ratings range from "low" (Hong Kong; Cuddy et al, 2009) to "medium. " (Study 2a and Study 2b) Hence, the content of the poor stereotype varies between LC-LW and LC-MW, and could be summarized as LC-L/MW.…”

“…For example, a social group can be either generally disliked (low competence-low warmth); respected but not liked (high competence-low warmth); or liked but not respected (low competence-high warmth; see e.g. Cuddy, Fiske, & Glick, 2008;Cuddy et al, 2009;Fiske et al, 2002). Groups may also be perceived as "high warm" (HW) and "high competent" (HC), or even as "medium warm, " (MW) and "medium competent" (MC).…”

Online Hate Speech in the European Union

“…For example, according to van Ypersele and Klein (2006), gay stereotyping in Lithuania, which has always been negative in nature, is characteristic of hasty and extremely reductionist collective evaluations that are reproduced across generations. As Cuddy et al (2009) put it, homosexuality belongs to the category of contemptuous stereotypes.…”