Stereotactic Gamma Irradiation of Basilar Artery in CAT: Preliminary Experiences

Nilsson, Anna; Wennerstrand, J.; Leksell, Dan; Backlund, Erik‐Olof

doi:10.3109/02841867809127916

Cited by 48 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Reports of the effects of radiosurgery on normal vessels include a study of GKS on cat basilar artery 10 and on rat anterior cerebral artery. 5 Findings included intimal proliferation but no vessel occlusion except in 1 rat anterior cerebral artery 20 months after treatment with 100 Gy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Angiographic, hemodynamic, and histological changes in an animal model of brain arteriovenous malformations treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery

Kashba

Patel

Grace

et al. 2015

JNS

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B rain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are a major cause of stroke in children and young adults. Surgical excision of an AVM offers immediate protection from hemorrhage and is suitable for small and superficial lesions. Approximately 70% of small AVMs (< 3 cm in diameter) are completely obliterated by 2-3 years after Gamma Knife surgery (GKS).1,3,23 However, patients treated with GKS remain at risk for suffering hemorrhage during the latent period before AVM occlusion. 9,15 A large number of patients who have large and/or deeply located AVMs cannot be treated using current methods.9 An improved method of treating AVMs is required for these patients.One potential new treatment is to induce thrombosis in abbreviatioNs AVM = arteriovenous malformation; GKS = Gamma Knife surgery; LCCA = left common carotid artery; LEJV = left external jugular vein; LINAC = linear accelerator. obJect Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are a major cause of stroke. Many AVMs are effectively obliterated by stereotactic radiosurgery, but such treatment for lesions larger than 3 cm is not as effective. Understanding the responses to radiosurgery may lead to new biological enhancements to this treatment modality. The aim of the present study was to investigate the hemodynamic, morphological, and histological effects of Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) in an animal model of brain AVM. methods An arteriovenous fistula was created by anastomosing the left external jugular vein to the side of the common carotid artery in 64 male Sprague-Dawley rats (weight 345 ± 8.8 g). Six weeks after AVM creation, 32 rats were treated with a single dose of GKS (20 Gy); 32 animals received sham radiation. Eight irradiated and 8 control animals were studied at each specified time point (1, 3, 6, and 12 weeks) for hemodynamic, morphological, and histological characterization. results Two AVMs showed partial angiographic obliteration at 6 weeks. Angiography revealed complete obliteration in 3 irradiated rats at 12 weeks. Blood flow in the ipsilateral proximal carotid artery (p < 0.001) and arterialized jugular vein (p < 0.05) was significantly lower in the irradiated group than in the control group. The arterialized vein's external diameter was significantly smaller in GKS-treated animals at 6 (p < 0.05) and 12 (p < 0.001) weeks. Histological changes included subendothelial cellular proliferation and luminal narrowing in GKS-treated animals. Neither luminal obliteration nor thrombus formation was identified at any of the time points in either irradiated or nonirradiated animals. coNclusioNs GKS produced morphological, angiographic, and histological changes in the model of AVM as early as 6 weeks after treatment. These results support the use of this model for studying methods to enhance radiation response in AVMs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Angiographic, hemodynamic, and histological changes in an animal model of brain arteriovenous malformations treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery

Kashba

Patel

Grace

et al. 2015

JNS

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“…In 1978 Nilsson et al reported their experience with irradiation of basilar artery in the cat [16] using the Gamma Knife. The animals were exposed to irradiation of 100, 200, 250 or 300 Gy, and were followed up to 7 months after irradiation.…”

Section: Gamma Irradiation In Laboratol 7 Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occlusion of the anterior cerebral artery after gamma knife irradiation in a rat

et al. 1996

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The anterior cerebral artery of rats was irradiated at the level of the circle of Willis by Gamma Knife with a maximum dose of 25, 50, or 100 Gy. Occlusion of the anterior cerebral artery was observed in one rat which was followed for 20 months after irradiation of 100 Gy. Cerebral infarction was found at the midline-frontal region and the cingulate gyrus. Arterial wall thickening with fibrosis, splitting of the internal elastic membrane, luminal organized thrombus, and migration of smooth muscle cells into the thrombus were observed. In the anterior cerebral artery, thrombus formation seemed to occur after the endothelial injury and this may play a prominent role for occlusion. In small arteries, various changes were observed in the irradiated tissue. These included fibrosis and thrombus, thickened smooth muscle layer, lymphocytic infiltration, and thickening of vessel wall with fibrosis and fibrinous thrombosis with leakage of fibrin into the surrounding tissue after different doses of radiation and at different observation times. These changes were comparable to the ordinary vascular response to injury including healing vasculitis and arteriosclerosis.

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“…22 Omary and colleagues 24 irradiated the frontoparietal cortex in rats by using the Gamma Knife at a single dose of 120 Gy. Four weeks later, MR spectroscopy and gadopentetate dimeglumine-enhanced T 1 -weighted MR imaging were performed.…”

Section: Vasculopathy After Radiosurgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular complications after radiosurgery for meningiomas

Barami

Grow

Brem

et al. 2007

FOC

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✓During the past 25 years, radiosurgery has evolved as a primary treatment modality for certain meningiomas when resection would be associated with high patient morbidity. In addition, radiosurgery is now routinely used as an adjunctive therapy for residual or recurrent meningiomas after surgical removal. In this review the authors summarize the vascular complications that occur after radiosurgery for meningiomas as well as experimental study data that give insight into the pathogenesis of this complication. These data may be useful when discussing with patients the risk/benefit ratio of choosing among conservative management, radiosurgery, and surgery.

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Stereotactic Gamma Irradiation of Basilar Artery in CAT: Preliminary Experiences

Cited by 48 publications

References 4 publications

Angiographic, hemodynamic, and histological changes in an animal model of brain arteriovenous malformations treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery

Angiographic, hemodynamic, and histological changes in an animal model of brain arteriovenous malformations treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery

Occlusion of the anterior cerebral artery after gamma knife irradiation in a rat

Vascular complications after radiosurgery for meningiomas

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