A mild deacylation method for 3,5-dinitrobenzoates using methanolic solutions of amines, such as dialkylamines, was developed. The method's versatility was confirmed by applying it to synthesizing a key intermediate for Colorado potato beetle pheromone.Key words 3,5-dinitrobenzoate; amine-promoted methanolysis; selective deacylation; Colorado potato beetle pheromone 3,5-Dinitrobenzoates are typically crystalline compounds and are often used to confirm the structures of alcohols by X-ray crystallography.1-3) Some alcohols can be dinitrobenzoylated to improve their diastereomeric or enantiomeric purities by recrystallization. [4][5][6][7][8] The resulting dinitrobenzoates are usually deacylated by alkaline solvolysis (a methanolic solution of K 2 CO 3 or aqueous KOH). [4][5][6][7][8] 3,5-Dinitrobenzoic acid has been used as a pro-nucleophile in the original Mitsunobu reaction 9) and the catalytic Mitsunobu reaction. 10,11) Thus, a mild deacylation method for dinitrobenzoates would be useful for synthesizing compounds such as natural products and biologically active compounds.Recently, we found that methanolysis of the 3,5-dinitrobenzoate quickly proceeds in the presence of triethylamine in the total synthesis of lycopene-5,6-diols.8) Kobayashi and Acharya,12) and Tonoi et al. 13) reported that the dinitrobenzoates obtained by the Mitsunobu inversion of a secondary alcohols bearing macrocyclic lactone moieties were deacylated by treatment with a methanolic solution of triethylamine. These reports encouraged us to investigate versatility of this reaction. In the present work, we investigated the alcoholysis of dinitrobenzoates in the presence of various amines. Then, we applied our mild deacylation method in the efficient asymmetric synthesis of Colorado potato beetle (CPB) pheromone 14) and its enantiomer.
Results and DiscussionAmine-Promoted Methanolysis of 3,5-Dinitrobenzoates The time course of the methanolysis in the presence of triethylamine (0.2-1.0 eq) of 3,5-dinitrobenzoate 3, which was prepared from previously synthesized compound 1 15) (Chart 1), was monitored by HPLC ( Fig. 1(a)). The conversions (%) of starting dinitrobenzoate 3 into alcohol 2 were calculated based on the peak areas and molar absorbance coefficients (ε) of 2 (2550) and 3 (9970) at a detection wavelength of 254 nm. The reaction proceeded even in the presence of a catalytic amount of triethylamine and the reaction rate increased with the molar equivalents of the amine. Next, we investigated the methanolysis of 3 in the presence of 0.5 eq of other amines (Fig. 1(b)). Reaction rates of ethylamine, diethylamine and diisopropylamine were almost identical, and those of ammonia, triethylamine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) followed in this order. Methanolysis of 3 with 0.2 eq of diethylamine completed with a bit slower rate (99%: 4h) than that of 0.5 eq (99%: 1.5 h). Interestingly, the rate of ethanolysis of 3 was much lower than that of methanolysis. A 1-mmol-scale methanolysis of 3 with 0.5 eq of diethylamine provided alcohol 2 in nearly ...