Stereoscopic shape discrimination is well preserved across changes in object size

Norman, J. Farley; Swindle, Jessica M.; Jennings, L. RaShae; Mullins, Elizabeth M.; Beers, Amanda M.

doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2009.03.009

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Three kinds of primitives were employed: cube, cylinder (32 vertices), and icosphere (80 faces); curves and surfaces' size are important for objects' comprehension [ 24 ]. Objects' orientations were randomized along the three axes to create various stimuli [ 25 ]. Rotations were controlled so as the faces of cubes and cylinders could not be orthogonal to the camera plane, thus preventing the appearance of artificial 2D shapes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classifying EEG Signals during Stereoscopic Visualization to Estimate Visual Comfort

Frey

Appriou²,

Lotte³

et al. 2016

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience

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With stereoscopic displays a sensation of depth that is too strong could impede visual comfort and may result in fatigue or pain. We used Electroencephalography (EEG) to develop a novel brain-computer interface that monitors users' states in order to reduce visual strain. We present the first system that discriminates comfortable conditions from uncomfortable ones during stereoscopic vision using EEG. In particular, we show that either changes in event-related potentials' (ERPs) amplitudes or changes in EEG oscillations power following stereoscopic objects presentation can be used to estimate visual comfort. Our system reacts within 1 s to depth variations, achieving 63% accuracy on average (up to 76%) and 74% on average when 7 consecutive variations are measured (up to 93%). Performances are stable (≈62.5%) when a simplified signal processing is used to simulate online analyses or when the number of EEG channels is lessened. This study could lead to adaptive systems that automatically suit stereoscopic displays to users and viewing conditions. For example, it could be possible to match the stereoscopic effect with users' state by modifying the overlap of left and right images according to the classifier output.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classifying EEG Signals during Stereoscopic Visualization to Estimate Visual Comfort

Frey

Appriou²,

Lotte³

et al. 2016

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience

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“…A set of 1,000 randomly shaped, smoothly curved objects was used as the experimental stimuli (Norman, Swindle, Jennings, Mullins, & Beers, 2009); the average size/diameter of the objects was approximately 13.3 cm (which corresponds to 7.6º of visual angle). The objects were optically defined by texture (which resembled red granite), Lambertian shading, and occlusion contours.…”

Section: Experimental Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective 3-D shape discrimination survives retinal blur

Norman

Beers

Holmin

et al. 2010

Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics

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A single experiment evaluated observers' ability to visually discriminate 3-D object shape, where the 3-D structure was defined by motion, texture, Lambertian shading, and occluding contours. The observers' vision was degraded to varying degrees by blurring the experimental stimuli, using 2.0-, 2.5-, and 3.0-diopter convex lenses. The lenses reduced the observers' acuity from -0.091 LogMAR (in the no-blur conditions) to 0.924 LogMAR (in the conditions with the most blur; 3.0-diopter lenses). This visual degradation, although producing severe reductions in visual acuity, had only small (but significant) effects on the observers' ability to discriminate 3-D shape. The observers' shape discrimination performance was facilitated by the objects' rotation in depth, regardless of the presence or absence of blur. Our results indicate that accurate global shape discrimination survives a considerable amount of retinal blur.

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“…Although binocular disparity has been shown to contribute to the perception of surface properties such as slant, tilt, and curvature (e.g., Ban & Welchman, 2015 ; Norman et al, 1995 ; Norman et al, 2009 ; Welchman et al, 2005 ; Wexler & Ouarti, 2008 ; Wismeijer, Erkelens, van Ee, & Wexler, 2010 ), its role in the recognition of complex 3D object shape remains unclear. Indeed, it has been argued that although stereo information (i.e., local depth disparity) facilitates processing of 3D surfaces properties this does not, in itself, establish a functional link between stereo vision and the perception (and recognition) of complex (i.e., multipart) 3D object shape per se ( Li et al, 2009 ; Pizlo, 2008 ; Pizlo et al, 2010 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereo viewing modulates three-dimensional shape processing during object recognition: A high-density ERP study.

Oliver

Cristino

Roberts

et al. 2018

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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The role of stereo disparity in the recognition of 3-dimensional (3D) object shape remains an unresolved issue for theoretical models of the human visual system. We examined this issue using high-density (128 channel) recordings of event-related potentials (ERPs). A recognition memory task was used in which observers were trained to recognize a subset of complex, multipart, 3D novel objects under conditions of either (bi-) monocular or stereo viewing. In a subsequent test phase they discriminated previously trained targets from untrained distractor objects that shared either local parts, 3D spatial configuration, or neither dimension, across both previously seen and novel viewpoints. The behavioral data showed a stereo advantage for target recognition at untrained viewpoints. ERPs showed early differential amplitude modulations to shape similarity defined by local part structure and global 3D spatial configuration. This occurred initially during an N1 component around 145–190 ms poststimulus onset, and then subsequently during an N2/P3 component around 260–385 ms poststimulus onset. For mono viewing, amplitude modulation during the N1 was greatest between targets and distracters with different local parts for trained views only. For stereo viewing, amplitude modulation during the N2/P3 was greatest between targets and distracters with different global 3D spatial configurations and generalized across trained and untrained views. The results show that image classification is modulated by stereo information about the local part, and global 3D spatial configuration of object shape. The findings challenge current theoretical models that do not attribute functional significance to stereo input during the computation of 3D object shape.

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Stereoscopic shape discrimination is well preserved across changes in object size

Cited by 12 publications

References 22 publications

Classifying EEG Signals during Stereoscopic Visualization to Estimate Visual Comfort

Classifying EEG Signals during Stereoscopic Visualization to Estimate Visual Comfort

Effective 3-D shape discrimination survives retinal blur

Stereo viewing modulates three-dimensional shape processing during object recognition: A high-density ERP study.

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