Stereoscopic 3D dashboards

Abstract

When operating a conditionally automated vehicle, humans occasionally have to take over control. If the driver is out of the loop, a certain amount of time is necessary to gain situation awareness. This work evaluates the potential of stereoscopic 3D (S3D) dashboards for presenting smart S3D takeover requests (TORs) to support situation assessment. In a driving simulator study with a 4 × 2 between-within design, we presented 3 smart TORs showing the current traffic situation and a baseline TOR in 2D and S3D to 52 participants doing the n-back task. We further investigate if non-standard locations affect the results. Takeover performance indicates that participants looked at and processed the TORs' visual information and by that, could perform more safe takeovers. S3D warnings in general, as well as warnings appearing at the participants' focus of attention and warnings at the instrument cluster, performed best. We conclude that visual warnings, presented on an S3D dashboard, can be a valid option to support takeover while not increasing workload. We further discuss participants' gaze behavior in the context of visual warnings for automotive user interfaces.

Special issue on pervasive displays

“…Weidner and Broll [8] present an exploration into visual feedback on 3D dashboards of automated cars to support take-over requests from the vehicle to the person in the driver's seat. The authors first present three feedback strategies with different levels of realism, which they evaluate in a participatory design pre-study with 5 participants.…”

“…This special issue revealed that there are yet some challenges that need to be addressed for pervasive displays and proposed solutions. This includes technical challenges, such as content scheduling [13], as well as human-centered design challenges, such as attracting attention [2], social acceptability [10], workload [8], and designing for different user groups [4,6]. Authors of articles in this special issue have shown that these areas require further research, and have also highlighted multiple opportunities which we divide in terms of use cases and methodologies: Novel use cases: There is a myriad of use cases for which pervasive displays can be particularly promising.…”

43‐1: Automotive Autostereoscopic 3D Display

“…Weidner and Broll showed that the use of a large S3D has no statistical effect on driving performance; it neither improves nor worsens task performance or simulator sickness [4]. They also showed; visual warnings on S3D for semi-autonomous driving supports take-over scenarios while not increasing the workload [5].…”