Stereological Correction of Mineral Liberation Grade Distributions Estimated by Single Sectioning of Particles

Abstract

The liberation distribution of ore samples is of considerable interest for process optimisation in the minerals industry. A scanning electron microscope-based automatic mineral analyser such as the LEO QEMSCAN system developed by CSIRO Minerals is a powerful tool for the estimation of linear or areal grade distributions of a population of ore particles based upon polished single particle sections. Stereological correction of a single section mineralogical grade distribution is recognised as an ill-posed inverse problem. The transformation kernel method with constrained entropy regularisation (King and Schneider, 1998) is adopted for the correction of stereological error in binary systems. An enhanced transformation kernel correction scheme is developed with an additional equality constraint for average grade as determined by section and volumetric sampling, in accordance with Delesse's fundamental stereological theorem. The usefulness of both correction methods is limited by the availability of kernels that appropriately model the relationship between volumetric and section grade distributions for the mineralogical sample of interest. The transformation kernel stereological correction methods are implemented in software available for use as part of the LEO QEMSCAN system. Both correction procedures are applied to areal section grade distributions of feed and concentrate from a mineral processing plant. The corrected grade distributions are in some instances found to be sensitive to the application of the average grade constraint. The statistical significance of differences in the corrected solutions is discussed

Effect of Particle Shape on the Stereological Bias of the Degree of Liberation of Biphase Particle Systems

“…The stereological bias is in uenced by the internal particle structure. The stereological bias is large in simply locking biphase particles and negligibly small in particles with complex internal structures such as intergrowth [3][4][5] . Several studies have been conducted on the stereological bias using spherical particles [5][6][7] and simple regular shaped particles 8,9) .…”

The effect of mineral grain textures at particle surfaces on flotation response

“…These particles have a low stereological bias when features are determined from single sections of particles (Spencer & Sutherland, 2000).…”

“…Knowledge of the expected behaviour of the simple texture classes was required to which the empirical equation was applied and therefore this approach lends itself to be used in the future with existing methods of predicting for example flotation rate constants using fundamental equations (Pyke, et al, 2003;Pyke, 2004;Ralston, et al, 2007;Yoon & Mao, 1996;Spencer & Sutherland, 2000;Yoon, et al, 2012;Yoon, et al, 2016). It is envisaged that that this new knowledge of the distribution of mineral grains at the surface of particles can be used to determine how they affect the flotation sub-processes (particle-bubble attachment and detachment) and to determine if more effective ways can be developed by which this textural feature can be included, other than the empirical relationships used in this thesis.…”

Caracterização tecnológica de minérios auríferos por análise automatizada de imagens obtidas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura.

“…Quanto mais fina for a textura, no caso, granulometria fino e distribuída, menor será esse tipo de erro (GOTTLIEB et al, 2000;SPENCER;SUTHERLAND, 2000).…”