2018
DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810798
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Stereocontrolled Synthesis of 1,4‐Dicarbonyl Compounds by Photochemical Organocatalytic Acyl Radical Addition to Enals

Abstract: We report av isible-light-mediated organocatalytic strategy for the enantioselective acyl radical conjugate addition to enals,l eading to valuable 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds.T he process capitalizes upon the excited-state reactivity of 4-acyl-1,4-dihydropyridines that, upon visible-light absorption, can trigger the generation of acyl radicals.B ym eans of ac hiral amine catalyst, iminium ion activation of enals ensures as tereoselective radical trap.W ea lso demonstrate howt he combination of this acylation proc… Show more

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Cited by 69 publications
(25 citation statements)
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References 52 publications
(18 reference statements)
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“…Protonation of 320 and displacement by another molecule of 318 completes the Lewis acid cycle and affords the desired enantioenriched RCA products 321 in excellent yields and good enantioselectivities (26 examples, up to 96:4 er). If acyl DHPs are used, then no external photocatalyst is required, which is proposed to be due to direct excitation of the substrate as demonstrated previously by Melchiorre et al [45]. The complexes generated do not seem able to act as photocatalysts, but the reactions do demonstrate high quantum yields for both alkyl (Φ = 0.57) and acyl (Φ = 0.86) substituents, suggesting efficient photocatalytic cycles.…”
Section: Lewis Acid Catalysismentioning
confidence: 71%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Protonation of 320 and displacement by another molecule of 318 completes the Lewis acid cycle and affords the desired enantioenriched RCA products 321 in excellent yields and good enantioselectivities (26 examples, up to 96:4 er). If acyl DHPs are used, then no external photocatalyst is required, which is proposed to be due to direct excitation of the substrate as demonstrated previously by Melchiorre et al [45]. The complexes generated do not seem able to act as photocatalysts, but the reactions do demonstrate high quantum yields for both alkyl (Φ = 0.57) and acyl (Φ = 0.86) substituents, suggesting efficient photocatalytic cycles.…”
Section: Lewis Acid Catalysismentioning
confidence: 71%
“…This reactivity was later extended to the use of toluene derivatives 70 to generate the corresponding RCA products 71 in good yields and enantioselectivities (31 examples, up to 96:4 er) ( Scheme 9 ) [ 43 ]. Melchiorre et al also discovered that dihydropyridine (DHP) derivatives 72 could act as efficient radical precursors in this system, allowing for both alkyl [ 44 ] and acyl [ 45 ] RCA reactions. In the case of acyl DHPs, they propose that direct excitation of the DHP leads to radical generation rather than the iminium intermediate ( Scheme 9 ).…”
Section: Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[4] Additional applications of this umpolung strategy have recently been reported. [5] Another method involves oxidative cross-coupling reactions of enolates, [6] enol silanes, [7] and enamines (Path b); [8] and this method has been used in natural product synthesis. However, the utility of this method is reduced by the occurrence of competing homocoupling reactions.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Die Gruppen von Gilmour [10] und Melchiorre [11] berichteten 2019 unabhängig voneinander und nahezu zeitgleich über intermolekulare radikalische Stetter-Reaktionen, die erfolgreich sekundäre Amin-Katalyse und Photokatalyse kombinieren und dadurch einen direkten Zugang zu 1,4-Dicarbonylverbindungen erçffnen. Die Gruppen von Gilmour [10] und Melchiorre [11] berichteten 2019 unabhängig voneinander und nahezu zeitgleich über intermolekulare radikalische Stetter-Reaktionen, die erfolgreich sekundäre Amin-Katalyse und Photokatalyse kombinieren und dadurch einen direkten Zugang zu 1,4-Dicarbonylverbindungen erçffnen.…”
unclassified
“…Nachstehend stellen wir zwei neu entwickelte radikalische Umpolungsreaktionen von Acylradikalen und a,b-ungesättigten Aldehyden vor,die als Durchbrüche angesehen werden kçnnen. Die Gruppen von Gilmour [10] und Melchiorre [11] berichteten 2019 unabhängig voneinander und nahezu zeitgleich über intermolekulare radikalische Stetter-Reaktionen, die erfolgreich sekundäre Amin-Katalyse und Photokatalyse kombinieren und dadurch einen direkten Zugang zu 1,4-Dicarbonylverbindungen erçffnen. Während Melchiorre und Mitarbeiter fanden, dass ein sekundäres Amin basierend auf Prolin ein effizienter Katalysator fürd en enantioselektiven Abfang von Acylradikalen fürr adikalische Umpolungsreaktionen ist, entwickelten Gilmour und Mitarbeiter eine radikalische Stetter-Reaktion von Acylradikalen und Enalen und schlugen einen detaillierten Mechanismus vor.…”
unclassified