Stereochemical evidence for the participation of a comonomer charge-transfer complex in alternating copolymerization

Synthesis and characterization of alternating copolymers of thiophene-containing N-phenyl maleimide and styrene by photoinduced radical polymerization and their use in electropolymerization

“…It is, therefore, of interest to produce maleimidebased polymers of improved solubility in common solvents and of high molecular weight, both of which extend their use in industrial applications. The effect of varying reaction conditions on the stereochemistry of alternating copolymers of N-substituted maleimides with electron-donor comonomers has been already studied [24,28,29]. So, it is well known that the stereoregularity of this type of copolymers varies with copolymerization conditions as temperature, solvent, total concentration of the co-monomers, co-monomer concentration ratio at fixed total monomers' concentration and the donor-acceptor character of the co-monomers' pair.…”

“…It has been suggested that, if an EDA complex participate in a copolymerization, some structural evidences related to the structure of the complex may be found in the copolymer [24,28,29,31]. It has been also suggested [32] that the relative amounts of the cis and trans linkage configurations at the succinimide rings in the copolymers are closely related to the quantitative role of the EDA complex in alternating copolymerization.…”

Linkage Configuration and Triad Distribution in the Copolymers of Isobutyl Vinyl Ether andN-Phenyl-maleimide Prepared in Chloroform and in Methyl Ethyl Ketone

“…It has been reported, [2] based on the examination of model compounds, that carbon C 3 splits in two peaks due to cis and trans linkage configuration at the cyclic PMI units. The mole percentage of cis linkage configuration F cis is determined from the resonance peak area of C 3 in cisconfiguration at 38.9 -34.9 ppm, and that of C 3 in trans configuration at 45.0 -38.9 ppm.…”

“…[2] We have reported that the copolymerisation of isobutyl vinyl ether (IBVE) with maleic anhydride gives perfectly alternating copolymers of exactly the same microstructure regardless of the feed monomer composition. [3] Olson and Butler have reported that strongly alternating copolymers are obtained in the copolymerisation of 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether and N-phenylmaleimide (PMI) and proposed the participation of a 1 : 1 electron donor/acceptor (EDA) complex formed between the comonomers during the copolymerisation.…”

Graft copolymerization of methylmethacrylate with N‐substituted maleimide‐styrene copolymer by ATRP

“…20 Copolymerizations of N-substituted maleimides with various vinyl monomers have been investigated by many authors. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Specifically, copolymerization with electron-donor monomers such as styrene is well-known to yield alternating copolymers, and the copolymerization mechanism has been discussed by others. 26 -29 This article describes the preparation of graft copolymers via ATRP, using a bromine functional macroinitiator poly(MBr)-alt-poly(St).…”