Stereoacuity and ocular associations at age 12 years: Findings from a population-based study

Stereoacuity and refractive, accommodative and vergence anomalies of South African school children, aged 13–18 years

“…14 In the present study, all cases of hyperopia in the participants were relatively mild (0.50-2 D) and not significantly associated with reduced stereoacuity in contrast to the findings by Kulp et al 14 Similar to our findings on anisometropia, Yang et al 15 and Robaei et al 18 found only anisometropia to be significantly associated with reduced stereoacuity. It has been suggested that anisometropia is more likely to affect stereoacuity because of more retinal disparities, associated aniseikonia and foveal suppression in the defocused eye.…”

“…5,26,27 The preliminary tests were performed with participants wearing no refractive correction and included ocular health status evaluation using the direct ophthalmoscope, and suppression was evaluated at near using the Worth-4-dot test (Bernell Corporation, Mishawaka Inc, IN, USA). 4,26,27 Other clinical assessments included ocular motility using the Broad-H-test and stereoacuity, which was assessed using the Randot stereotest (Vision Assessment Corporation, IL, USA) without refractive correction, 18 as an objective of the study was to compare stereoacuity of those with refractive errors and those with emmetropia. The Randot stereotest was performed at 40 cm in normal room illumination with each participant seated and wearing vectographic spectacles.…”

“…6 Besides its use as a clinical tool for detecting anomalies in the visual system, good stereoacuity is associated with better long-term stability of alignment and reduced risk for, and lesser severity of, amblyopia, improved achievement of sensorimotor developmental milestones, efficient reading ability and improved quality of life. 9 Given the clinical importance of the near point mechanism, various studies 6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25 have investigated associations of stereoacuity with various anomalies although most of these studies 7,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25 focussed mainly on the association between poor stereoacuity and refractive errors, while empirical studies on the distribution of reduced stereoacuity and possible association between stereoacuity and accommodative-vergence anomalies could not be found.…”

Testability of refraction, stereopsis, and other ocular measures in preschool children: The Sydney Paediatric Eye Disease Study

“…20,21 Nevertheless, the detection of reduced depth perception is important in children because it is frequently associated with amblyopia, strabismus, and anisometropia. 28,29 As demonstrated in our study, the Lang II can be completed by the majority of preschool children, yielding a success rate of more than 90% in children as young as 6 months; however, it is important to note that despite the superior testability in preschool children, some authors 30,31 have questioned the reliability of Lang II when used alone, suggesting that it should be combined with visual acuity and refraction assessments to accurately detect amblyopia in screening settings.…”

Distinctive clinical features of bilateral Duane retraction syndrome

“…The cutoff values used in this study to define the ametropia were a compromise since this heterogeneous population was composed of children, adolescents, and adults. 15,16 The ocular alignment was measured using either prism cover testing methods in 9 positions of gaze or the Krimsky test on children and when the fixation was too poor. Strabismus was defined as a manifest horizontal deviation greater than 5 D or a vertical deviation greater than 3 D in the primary position.…”