Stereo Vision: The Haves and Have-Nots

Hess, Robert F.; To, Long; Zhou, Jiawei; Wang, Guangyu; Cooperstock, Jeremy R.

doi:10.1177/2041669515593028

Cited by 46 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…We confirmed that stereoacuity thresholds varied by more than one order of magnitude across participants (Fig. 1C), consistent with previous psychophysical studies (5,21,22). We succeeded in estimating the stereoacuity of 14 participants;; five participants had <84% correct responses over the full range of tested disparities (± 7.68 arcmin) and we were unable to determine stereoacuity from their psychometric functions.…”

Section: Psychophysical Experiments On Stereoacuitysupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The neural basis of stereopsis is relatively well understood;; however, there is one key question that remains unanswered: why the ability to discriminate depth (stereoacuity) varies between people. In fact, a number of psychophysical studies have reported a broad and often bimodal distribution of human stereoacuity, which are much less evident than other visual modalities (19)(20)(21)(22). However, the neurobiological origin of such large difference in perceptual performance is unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microstructural properties of the vertical occipital fasciculus explain the variability in human stereoacuity

Oishi

Takemura

Aoki

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Stereopsis is a fundamental visual function that has been studied extensively. However, it is not clear why depth discrimination (stereoacuity) varies more significantly among people than other modalities. Previous studies reported the involvement of both dorsal and ventral visual areas in stereopsis, implying that not only neural computations in cortical areas but also the anatomical properties of white matter tracts connecting those areas can impact stereopsis and stereoacuity. Here, we studied how human stereoacuity relates to white matter properties by combining psychophysics, diffusion MRI (dMRI), and quantitative MRI (qMRI). We performed a psychophysical experiment to measure stereoacuity, and in the same participants we analyzed the microstructural properties of visual white matter tracts based on two independent measurements, dMRI (fractional anisotropy, FA) and qMRI (macromolecular tissue volume; MTV). Microstructural properties along the right vertical occipital fasciculus (VOF), a major tract connecting dorsal and ventral visual areas, were highly correlated with measures of stereoacuity. This result was consistent for both FA and MTV, suggesting that the structural-behavioral relationship reflects differences in neural tissue density, rather than differences in the morphological configuration of fibers. fMRI confirmed that binocular disparity stimuli activated the dorsal and ventral visual regions near VOF endpoints. No other occipital tracts explained the variance in stereoacuity. In addition, the VOF properties were not associated with differences in performance on a different psychophysical task (contrast detection). These series of experiments suggest that stereoscopic depth discrimination performance is, at least in part, constrained by dorso-ventral communication through the VOF.

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Section: Psychophysical Experiments On Stereoacuitysupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural properties of the vertical occipital fasciculus explain the variability in human stereoacuity

Oishi

Takemura

Aoki

et al. 2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Without stereopsis, our visual experience would be akin to a normal, as opposed to a 3D movie. Note, however, that a substantial proportion of the population, 5-30% depending on the study, has moderate to poor stereovision [4]. This indicates that stereovision (like colour vision) is not crucial for survival in our society, but rather serves to enrich our perceptual experience of depth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Binocular depth processing in the ventral visual pathway

Verhoef

Vogels

Janssen

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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One contribution of 15 to a theme issue 'Vision in our three-dimensional world'. One of the most powerful forms of depth perception capitalizes on the small relative displacements, or binocular disparities, in the images projected onto each eye. The brain employs these disparities to facilitate various computations, including sensori-motor transformations (reaching, grasping), scene segmentation and object recognition. In accordance with these different functions, disparity activates a large number of regions in the brain of both humans and monkeys. Here, we review how disparity processing evolves along different regions of the ventral visual pathway of macaques, emphasizing research based on both correlational and causal techniques. We will discuss the progression in the ventral pathway from a basic absolute disparity representation to a more complex three-dimensional shape code. We will show that, in the course of this evolution, the underlying neuronal activity becomes progressively more bound to the global perceptual experience. We argue that these observations most probably extend beyond disparity processing per se, and pertain to object processing in the ventral pathway in general. We conclude by posing some important unresolved questions whose answers may significantly advance the field, and broaden its scope.This article is part of the themed issue 'Vision in our three-dimensional world'.

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“…One key finding was that as many as 30% of people with otherwise normal vision were over 10 times worse than their fellows. While this might be surprising to clinicians because the present clinical tests do not reflect this 2 , it is not surprising to vision scientists, as there have been a number of laboratory studies that have suggested this 1, 3–9 . Although the reason for this stereo deficiency is presently unclear, Richards 4, 5 originally suggested that it may reflect a loss of a subset of disparity-sensitive neurons that process just crossed or just uncrossed disparities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 71%

Deficient stereopsis in the normal population revisited: why current clinical stereo tests may not be adequate

Hess

Dillon

Ding

et al. 2019

Preprint

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9Significance statement: Applied applications for occupational screening, clinical tests should 3 0 assess sensitivity to the sign as well as the magnitude of disparity. 1Purpose: To determine why the high incidence of stereo anomaly found using laboratory tests 3 2 with polarity-based increment judgements (i.e., depth sign) is not reflected in clinical 3 3 measurements that involve single-polarity incremental judgements (i.e., depth magnitude). 4Methods: An iPod-based measurement that involved the detection of an oriented shape defined 3 5 by a single polarity-depth increment within a random dot display was used. A staircase 3 6 procedure was used to gather sufficient trials to derive a meaningful measure of variance for the 3 7 measurement of stereopsis over a large disparity range. Forty-five adults with normal binocular 3 8 vision (20 -65 years old) and normal or corrected-to-normal (0 logMAR or better) monocular 3 9vision participated in this study. 0Results: Observers' stereo acuities ranged between 10 and 100 arc seconds, and were 4 1 normally distributed on a log scale (p = 0.90, 2-tailed Shapiro-Wilk test). The present results 4 2 using a single polarity depth increment task (i.e., depth magnitude) show a similar distribution to 4 3 those using a similar task using the Randot preschool stereo test on individuals between the 4 4 ages of 19-35 using either the 4-book test (n = 33) or the 3-book test (n = 40), but very different 4 5 results when the iPod test involved a polarity-based increment judgement (i.e., depth sign). 4 6 Conclusions: The present clinical stereo tests are based on magnitude judgements and are 4 7 unable to detect the high percentage of stereo anomalous individuals in the normal population 4 8 revealed using depth sign judgements.4 9

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Stereo Vision: The Haves and Have-Nots

Cited by 46 publications

References 11 publications

Microstructural properties of the vertical occipital fasciculus explain the variability in human stereoacuity

Microstructural properties of the vertical occipital fasciculus explain the variability in human stereoacuity

Binocular depth processing in the ventral visual pathway

Deficient stereopsis in the normal population revisited: why current clinical stereo tests may not be adequate

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