Stereo hysteresis revisited

Piantanida, Thomas P.

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(86)90186-0

Cited by 35 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…When they used random dot stereograms subtending 3.4" x3.4", fusion did not break until absolute disparity was stretched to 2". These results were confirmed by Piantanida (1986) and Erkelens (1 988).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

The Stability of Binocular Fixation During Reading in Adults and Children

Cornelissen

Munro

Fowler

et al. 1993

Develop Med Child Neuro

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SUMMARY The authors recorded the binocular eye‐movements of children and adults while they read single words appropriate for their reading ability. Normal data were obtained from nine‐ to 11‐year‐old primary‐school children and adults, because very little is known about changes in binocular vergence during reading. These normal data were compared with those from poor readers of the same age who had passed or failed the Dunlop Test. On average, normal children made larger vergence errors while they fixated words than did adults. There were no differences between the groups of children, therefore the authors conclude that poor vergence control during reading fixations is not the immediate cause of the non‐word error effect found among children who fail the Dunlop Test. RÉSUMÉ La stabilité de la fixation binoculaire au cours de la lecture chez I'adulte et I'enfant Les auteurs ont enregistré les mouvements binoculaires des yeux chez des enfants et des adultes, lisant des mots isolés correspondant à leur capacité de lecture. Des références normales ont été obtenues chez des enfants du primaire ǎgés de neuf à douze ans et des adultes, car il y a fort peu de données sur les modifications de la vergence binoculaire au cours de la lecture. Ces références ont été comparées aux performances de mauvais lecteurs de měme ǎge ayant passé le test de Dunlop ou y ayant échoué. En moyenne, les enfants normaus faisaient des erreurs de vergence plus marquées que chez les adultes, lorsqu'ils fixaient les mots. II n'y avait pas de différence entre les groupes d'enfants. Aussi les auteurs concluent qu'un mauvais contrǒle de la vergence durant la fixation de lecture n'est pas la cause immédiate de l'effet d'erreur sur les non‐mots chez les enfants ayant échoué au lest de Dunlop. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Binokulare Fixation beim Lesen bei Erwachsenen und Kindern Die Autoren haben binokulare Augenbewegungen bei Kindern und Erwachsenen abgeleitet, während diese einzelne. ihren Lesefähigkeiten angepaβte Wörter lasen. Von neun‐ bis 12‐jährigen Grundschulkindern und von Erwachsenen wurden Normaldaten erstellt, wil sehr wenig über Veränderungen in der binokularen Blickrichtungsänderung beim Lesen bekannt ist. Diese Normaldaten wurden mit denen von schlechten Lesern desselben Alters verglichen, die den Dunlop Test bestanden oder nicht bestanden hatten. Im allgemeinen machten normale Kinder gröβere Fehler bei der Blickrichtungsänderung beim Fixieren von Wörtern als Erwachsene. Es fanden sich keine Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen der Kinder, daher kommen die Autoren zu dem Schluβ, daβ eine schlechte Kontrolle der Blickrichtungsänderung beim Lessen nicht der grund für den non‐word error effect ist, der bei Kindern gefunden wird, die den Dunlop Test nicht bestehen. RESUMEN Estabilidad de la fijación binocular en la leclura en adiilros v niñtos Los autores registraron los movimientos binoculares de niños y adultos al leer palabras simples apropiadas a su habilidad de lecrura. Se obtuvieron datos normales en niños de escuela pr...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

The Stability of Binocular Fixation During Reading in Adults and Children

Cornelissen

Munro

Fowler

et al. 1993

Develop Med Child Neuro

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“…We observed a pattern of hysteresis in all our measurements consistent with the early reports by Fender and Julesz (1967) and the subsequent replication by Piantanida (1986). The data from experiment 1 show that hysteresis manifests similarly for thin lines and extended bars when adjustment of disparity is under the control of the observer.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The Effect of Stimulus Size on Stereoscopic Fusion Limits and Response Criteria

2014

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The stereoscopic fusion limit denotes the largest binocular disparity for which a single fused image is perceived. Several criteria can be employed when judging whether or not a stereoscopic display is fused, and this may be a factor contributing to a discrepancy in the literature. Schor, Wood, and Ogawa (1984 Vision Research, 24, 661-665) reported that fusion limits did not change as a function of bar width, while Roumes, Plantier, Menu, and Thorpe (1997 Human Factors, 39, 359-373) reported higher fusion limits for larger stimuli than for smaller stimuli. Our investigation suggests that differing criteria between the studies could contribute to this discrepancy. In experiment 1 we measured horizontal and vertical disparity fusion limits for thin bars and for the edge of an extended surface, allowing observers to use the criterion of either diplopia or rivalry when evaluating fusion for all stimuli. Fusion limits were equal for thin bars and extended surfaces in both horizontal and vertical disparity conditions. We next measured fusion limits for a range of bar widths and instructed observers to indicate which criterion they employed on each trial. Fusion limits were constant across all stimulus widths. However, there was a sharp change in criterion from diplopia to rivalry when the angular extent of the bar width exceeded about twice the fusion limit, expressed in angular terms. We conclude that stereoscopic fusion limits do not depend on stimulus size in this context, but the criterion for fusion does. Therefore, the criterion for fusion should be clearly defined in any study measuring stereoscopic fusion limits.

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“…This effect, stereo hysteresis, is related to the motor fusion of the visual fields conducted by the vergence movements which try to keep the left and right visual images locked when the location of objects and the location of the perceiver constantly change during perception. 47,48,51,52 Thus, a depth value that is 2-3 times larger than the diplopia threshold can be temporarily used if the maximum depth value is reached by increasing the depth gradually. However, when the diplopia threshold is exceeded, eye strain may become a significant problem, so long-term use of the large depth magnitudes should still be avoided.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining limits to avoid double vision in an autostereoscopic display: Disparity and image element width

Häkkinen¹,

Takatalo²,

Kilpeläinen³

et al. 2009

J Soc Info Display

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Abstract— The purpose of this study was to investigate the diplopia limits for three‐dimensional stereoscopic content and to determine the main methodological issues when the limits are studied with an autostereoscopic display. One of the main issues regarding stereoscopic content is the structural features that enable the user to see stereo image as a single image. If the depth of the content is not within certain limits, the perceiver cannot see the images three dimensionally and the viewing is uncomfortable. On the other hand, if these limits are followed, the user can stereoscopically fuse the images and see the resulting three‐dimensional image correctly. Some of these limits were tested and guidelines for proper depth values for stereoscopic images will be presented.

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Stereo hysteresis revisited

Cited by 35 publications

References 9 publications

The Stability of Binocular Fixation During Reading in Adults and Children

The Stability of Binocular Fixation During Reading in Adults and Children

The Effect of Stimulus Size on Stereoscopic Fusion Limits and Response Criteria

Determining limits to avoid double vision in an autostereoscopic display: Disparity and image element width

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