Stepwise application of horizontal seismic profiling for tunnel prediction ahead of the face

Inazaki, Tomio; Isahai, H.; Kawamura, Shima; Kurahashi, Takahiko; Hayashi, Hiroki

doi:10.1190/1.1438246

Cited by 54 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…It is common practice to measure the seismic response of rocks to predict rock properties ahead of or beside the tunnel with geophones mounted on the tunnel wall or tunnel floor (see e.g. Inazaki et al ; Wright et al ). The dominance of tunnel surface waves that we observed is of advantage only in the rare cases where the surface or guided wave dispersion is used to locate cavities (Leparoux et al ) or to derive near‐surface velocities (Roth and Holliger ).…”

Section: Discussion and Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite‐difference modelling for tunnel seismology

Kneib¹,

Leykam²

2004

Near Surface Geophysics

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The diagonal differencing algorithm, which takes spatial derivatives along the diagonals of the finite‐difference grid, is well suited to solve the elastodynamic equations for tunnel seismic modelling because it is accurate and stable at strong low‐order discontinuities of the elastic medium. Spatial high‐order finite‐difference operators increase the accuracy and efficiency of the algorithm except at steps in the elastic properties, where these operators fail. A solution is to use high‐order finite differences in most of the grid but to employ two‐point second‐order operators at low‐order discontinuities. This keeps memory requirements and computational effort on a level that allows 3D simulations on moderately priced PC hardware. Measurements with the commercial tunnel seismic prediction method yield complex seismic common‐receiver gathers with long direct‐wave pulses. Finite‐difference simulations in two and three dimensions reveal that these long pulses are due to P‐wave reverberations in and around the water‐filled shothole. Direct S‐waves originate close to the detonation point by conversion at the shothole–rock boundary. A dispersive, low‐frequency guided wave reverberates with the average S‐wave velocity inside the excavation damaged zone around the tunnel. The guided wave creates multiple body waves inside the undisturbed rock as it reverberates. It carries useful information about the degree and depth of the rock excavation damage but the guided wave often overlaps tunnel surface‐wave modes and may be difficult to extract from seismograms. Receivers should be buried deeper than the extent of the excavation damaged zone so that the guided waves and tunnel surface waves, which circulate around the tunnel, do not dominate seismic records and hide direct S‐waves, reflections or other late arrivals.

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Section: Discussion and Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite‐difference modelling for tunnel seismology

Kneib¹,

Leykam²

2004

Near Surface Geophysics

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“…) and the horizontal seismic profiling method (Inazaki ; Inazaki et al . ) were developed and applied to the exploration of volume ahead of tunnel faces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has large prediction range (>100 m) and is convenient to operate (Song, Cho, and Chang 2012;Schrott and Sass 2008).At the end of 1970s, Dresen, Freystatter, and Sommer (1977) applied the channel wave method to detect tunneling HGZs. Other authors (Moser and Pajchel 1997;Sattel et al 1992) also showed that information on the ground mechanical properties through the detection of reflected elastic waves and their corresponding travel times might be obtained.Next, the vertical seismic profiling method (Zeng 1994; Bruckl et al 2001) and the horizontal seismic profiling method (Inazaki 1995;Inazaki et al 1999) were developed and applied to the exploration of volume ahead of tunnel faces.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Prediction of tunneling hazardous geological zones using the active seismic approach

Jiao

Tian

Liu

et al. 2015

Near Surface Geophysics

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This paper presents a seismic method and a newly developed device to predict the hazardous geological zones ahead of a tunnel face. The equipment used to predict hazardous geological zones consists of three components: the seismic source, the acquisition unit, and the data processing unit. The following features enable this device to be a valuable tool in predicting hazardous geological zones: the precise trigger time detection; the application of semi‐liquid couplant, which improves geophone coupling with the surrounding rock; the filtering of the prominent tunnel acoustic wave interference; and a software package of information on hazardous geological zones. Through extensive detection exercises of hazardous geological zones in the excavations of nearly 100 tunnel projects in China, it has been demonstrated that this device can satisfactorily predict hazardous geological zones, such as faults, water‐bearing zones, karst caverns, etc., within 150 m in front of the tunnel faces.

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“…The tunnel prediction method is divided into destructive and non-destructive techniques [1]. Destructive method, such as exploratory drilling, is laborious and time-consuming, and seriously affect the progress of the project, so its application is very small [2].From 1990s, non-destructive geophysical techniques,such as SSP by Kneib[3],TSP by Dickmann[4], HSP by Inazaki [5], TRT by Neil [6], ISIS by Borm [7], were gradually applied around the world, but the application effect are less than expected. This is when mostly conventional ground geophysical methods were applied in the narrow tunnel and underground space conditions, that the results get more difficult in explaining.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Staggered-Grid High-Order Finite Difference Numerical Simulation for Tunnel Seismic Prediction Ahead of Construction

Han

Zhu

2009

2009 International Conference on Engineering Computation

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For safe tunnel excavation, it is important to predict litho-logic and structural heterogeneities ahead of construction. To study generation mechanism and propagation rules of body wave that are directly generated on tunnel sidewalls or face, based on the one-order velocity-stress elastic wave equation, we deduced the staggered grid high order finite difference format. After constructing the tunneling conceptual models with such geological disasters as fault and gradient weak intercalation in underground engineering, we simulated the wave propagation with absorbing and impedance boundary conditions on external boundary, and free boundary on tunnel region boundary. By excitation-time imaging conditions we also implement reverse-time migration. The numerical simulation results show that the method was very simple, and can acquire the wave field characters and migration sections effectively and directly, which can offer logical proofs for tunnel seismic prediction ahead of construction.

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Stepwise application of horizontal seismic profiling for tunnel prediction ahead of the face

Cited by 54 publications

References 0 publications

Finite‐difference modelling for tunnel seismology

Finite‐difference modelling for tunnel seismology

Prediction of tunneling hazardous geological zones using the active seismic approach

A Staggered-Grid High-Order Finite Difference Numerical Simulation for Tunnel Seismic Prediction Ahead of Construction

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