Steps towards standardized quantification of adult neurogenesis

Zhao, Xinyu; Praag, Henriette van

doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18046-y

Cited by 47 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…For example, the immature neuron marker DCX undergoes rapid degradation during the post-mortem period ( 96 ). Some difficulties could be overcome by tightly documenting the brain samples and their processing, optimizing the methodologies ( 65 ), and standardization of detailed protocols ( 97 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tau Pathology and Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis: What Tau Mouse Models Tell us?

et al. 2021

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Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) has been widely confirmed in mammalian brains. A growing body of evidence points to the fact that AHN sustains hippocampal-dependent functions such as learning and memory. Impaired AHN has been reported in post-mortem human brain hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is considered to contribute to defects in learning and memory. Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and amyloid plaques are the two key neuropathological hallmarks of AD. NFTs are composed of abnormal tau proteins accumulating in many brain areas during the progression of the disease, including in the hippocampus. The physiological role of tau and impact of tau pathology on AHN is still poorly understood. Modifications in AHN have also been reported in some tau transgenic and tau-deleted mouse models. We present here a brief review of advances in the relationship between development of tau pathology and AHN in AD and what insights have been gained from studies in tau mouse models.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tau Pathology and Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis: What Tau Mouse Models Tell us?

et al. 2021

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“…In contrast, the microglia are macrophages resident in the brain and are of the mesodermal germ layer lineage [2]. Formation of new neurons throughout the life of the individual through the proliferation and differentiation of neuronal progenitor stem cells has been reported in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles and in the sub-granular zone of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus [17][18][19][20][21][22]. Only dormant progenitor neural stem cells exist in the adult cerebral cortex [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Telomerase Positive Totipotent Stem Cells and Pluripotent Stem Cells in the Adult Brain I. Cerebral Cortex

Young¹,

Lochner²

2021

JRMBR

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Previous isolation studies noted the presence of native undifferentiated telomerase positive stem cells within the brains of adult rats. Further segregation of the cells from the brain isolates demonstrated the presence of telomerase positive totipotent stem cells and pluripotent stem cells within the cell isolates. Characterization studies of their differentiation potential noted that both the telomerase positive totipotent stem cells and pluripotent stem cells would form neurons, ganglion cells and glial cells, as well as cells from surface ectoderm, mesodermal and endodermal embryonic germ layer lineages. Since reports from other groups noted the presence of neural stem cells within the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, we wanted to ascertain the locations of these native telomerase positive totipotent stem cells and pluripotent stem cells within various regions of the adult brain. The brains from adult rats were examined. Adult rats were euthanized following the guidelines of Mercer University School of Medicine's IACUC. The rats were perfused with ELICA fixative, the brains harvested, frozen, cryosectioned and stained with antibodies diagnostic for the endogenous totipotent stem cells, i.e., carcinoembryonic antigen-cell adhesion molecule-1 (CEA-CAM-1) and pluripotent stem cells, i.e., stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4).

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“…Brains were removed and post-fixed for 24 h in 4% PFA, then stored in PBS pH 7.4 (Gibco, Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY, United States) until sectioning. Unbiased tissue collection methodologies were employed, identical to previous studies ( McClain et al, 2011 ; Hayes et al, 2018 ; Zhao and van Praag, 2020 ). Twelve series of coronal sections were cut at 40 μm on a vibrating microtome (Leica VT1000S, Wetzlar, Germany) starting randomly mid striatum through the caudal extent of brain tissue.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive, Adult Neurogenesis From Increased Neural Progenitor Cell Proliferation Following Alcohol Dependence in Female Rats

et al. 2021

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Hippocampal neurodegeneration is a consequence of excessive alcohol drinking in alcohol use disorders (AUDs), however, recent studies suggest that females may be more susceptible to alcohol-induced brain damage. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is now well accepted to contribute to hippocampal integrity and is known to be affected by alcohol in humans as well as in animal models of AUDs. In male rats, a reactive increase in adult hippocampal neurogenesis has been observed during abstinence from alcohol dependence, a phenomenon that may underlie recovery of hippocampal structure and function. It is unknown whether reactive neurogenesis occurs in females. Therefore, adult female rats were exposed to a 4-day binge model of alcohol dependence followed by 7 or 14 days of abstinence. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to assess neural progenitor cell (NPC) proliferation (BrdU and Ki67), the percentage of increased NPC activation (Sox2+/Ki67+), the number of immature neurons (NeuroD1), and ectopic dentate gyrus granule cells (Prox1). On day seven of abstinence, ethanol-treated females showed a significant increase in BrdU+ and Ki67+ cells in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus (SGZ), as well as greater activation of NPCs (Sox2+/Ki67+) into active cycling. At day 14 of abstinence, there was a significant increase in the number of immature neurons (NeuroD1+) though no evidence of ectopic neurogenesis according to either NeuroD1 or Prox1 immunoreactivity. Altogether, these data suggest that alcohol dependence produces similar reactive increases in NPC proliferation and adult neurogenesis. Thus, reactive, adult neurogenesis may be a means of recovery for the hippocampus after alcohol dependence in females.

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Steps towards standardized quantification of adult neurogenesis

Cited by 47 publications

References 94 publications

Tau Pathology and Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis: What Tau Mouse Models Tell us?

Tau Pathology and Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis: What Tau Mouse Models Tell us?

Telomerase Positive Totipotent Stem Cells and Pluripotent Stem Cells in the Adult Brain I. Cerebral Cortex

Reactive, Adult Neurogenesis From Increased Neural Progenitor Cell Proliferation Following Alcohol Dependence in Female Rats

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