Steps toward the hydrogen economy

Penner, S.S.

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2004.04.060

Cited by 305 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Its role in the production of bio-energy feedstock and its potential use in solar-derived H 2 storage [5][6][7] or as a liquid fuel [8,9] augment its criticality and importance in the global economy. NH 3 easily reaches the U.S. Department of Energy 2015 hydrogen storage target for H 2 -based transportation fuels [8,10] or it can be blended into diesel for direct combustion in modified diesel engines releasing mainly H 2 O and N 2 as combustion-products [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar thermochemical production of ammonia from water, air and sunlight: Thermodynamic and economic analyses

Michalsky

Parman

Amanor‐Boadu

et al. 2012

Energy

130

100

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Ammonia is an important input into agriculture and is used widely as base chemical for the chemical industry. It has recently been proposed as a sustainable transportation fuel and convenient one-way hydrogen carrier. Employing typical meteorological data for Palmdale, CA, solar energy is considered here as an inexpensive and renewable energy alternative in the synthesis of NH 3 at ambient pressure and without natural gas. Thermodynamic process analysis shows that a molybdenum-based solar thermochemical NH 3 production cycle, conducted at or below 1500 K, combined with solar thermochemical H 2 production from water may operate at a net-efficiency ranging from 23-30% (lower heating value of NH 3 relative to the total energy input). Net present value optimization indicates ecologically and economically sustainable NH 3 synthesis at above about 160 tons NH 3 per day, dependent primarily on heliostat costs (varied between 90 and 164 dollars/m 2 ), NH 3 yields (ranging from 13.9 mol% to stoichiometric conversion of fixed and reduced nitrogen to NH 3 ), and the NH 3 sales price. Economically feasible production at an optimum plant capacity near 900 tons NH 3 per day is shown at relative conservative technical assumptions and at a reasonable NH 3 sales price of about 534 ± 28 dollars per ton NH 3 .

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar thermochemical production of ammonia from water, air and sunlight: Thermodynamic and economic analyses

Michalsky

Parman

Amanor‐Boadu

et al. 2012

Energy

130

100

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“…We would hence lay the foundation of an hydrogen economy defined as "the industrial system in which one of the universal energy carriers is hydrogen (the other is electricity) and hydrogen is oxidized to water that may be reused by applying an external energy source for dissociation of water into its component elements hydrogen and oxygen" [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid systems for solar hydrogen: A selection of case-studies

Zini¹,

Tartarini²

2009

Applied Thermal Engineering

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“…The former allow humanity to meet most of its chemical energy needs, while the latter can satisfy most non-chemical energy demands, providing a suitable combination of energy carriers to support sustainability. Such a hydrogen economy has been investigated for several decades [17,18,[41][42][43][44].…”

Section: Requirement 2: Sustainable Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Sustainability: A Technical Approach to Sustainability

Rosen

2012

Sustainability

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Sustainability is a critically important goal for human activity and development. Sustainability in the area of engineering is of great importance to any plans for overall sustainability given 1) the pervasiveness of engineering activities in societies, 2) their importance in economic development and living standards, and 3) the significant impacts that engineering processes and systems have had, and continue to have, on the environment. Many factors that need to be considered and appropriately addressed in moving towards engineering sustainability are examined in this article. These include appropriate selection of resources bearing in mind sustainability criteria, the use of sustainable engineering processes, enhancement of the efficiency of engineering processes and resource use, and a holistic adoption of environmental stewardship in engineering activities. In addition, other key sustainability measures are addressed, such as economics, equity, land use, lifestyle, sociopolitical factors and population. Conclusions are provided related both to pathways for engineering sustainability and to the broader ultimate objective of sustainability.

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Steps toward the hydrogen economy

Cited by 305 publications

References 4 publications

Solar thermochemical production of ammonia from water, air and sunlight: Thermodynamic and economic analyses

Solar thermochemical production of ammonia from water, air and sunlight: Thermodynamic and economic analyses

Hybrid systems for solar hydrogen: A selection of case-studies

Engineering Sustainability: A Technical Approach to Sustainability

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