Stepping forward and taking reverse as we move ahead in genetics

Pareek, Ashwani; Arora, Ajay; Dhankher, Om Parkash

doi:10.1007/s40502-018-0428-y

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Studies of phenotypes after targeted disruption/labeling of a gene of interest are characteristic of reverse genetics methods (Pareek et al, 2018). The main disadvantage of this approach is that a high-quality assembly and the annotation of the genome are required for the correct selection of the modification site and the preliminary assessment of the gene function based on its homology to already known proteins (Skromne, Prince, 2008).…”

Section: Main Methods and Application Of M Lignano For Comparative Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The genome can have a low GC-content, less than 40 %, which lowers the probability to meet a GG in the target regions that could be mutated to result in the target gene knockout (Casandra et al, 2018). In such cases, one should follow a historically earlier approach of forward genetics: from a phenotype to the gene (Pareek et al, 2018).…”

Section: Main Methods and Application Of M Lignano For Comparative Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

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<i>Macrostomum lignano</i> as a model to study the genetics and genomics of parasitic flatworms

et al. 2021

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Hundreds of millions of people worldwide are infected by various species of parasitic f latworms. Without treatment, acute and chronical infections frequently lead to the development of severe pathologies and even death. Emerging data on a decreasing eff iciency of some important anthelmintic compounds and the emergence of resistance to them force the search for alternative drugs. Parasitic f latworms have complex life cycles, are laborious and expensive in culturing, and have a range of anatomic and physiological adaptations that complicate the application of standard molecular-biological methods. On the other hand, free-living f latworm species, evolutionarily close to parasitic f latworms, do not have the abovementioned diff iculties, which makes them potential alternative models to search for and study homologous genes. In this review, we describe the use of the basal free-living f latworm Macrostomum lignano as such a model. M. lignano has a number of convenient biological and experimental properties, such as fast reproduction, easy and non-expensive laboratory culturing, optical body transparency, obligatory sexual reproduction, annotated genome and transcriptome assemblies, and the availability of modern molecular methods, including transgenesis, gene knockdown by RNA interference, and in situ hybridization. All this makes M. lignano amenable to the most modern approaches of forward and reverse genetics, such as transposon insertional mutagenesis and methods of targeted genome editing by the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Due to the availability of an increasing number of genome and transcriptome assemblies of different parasitic f latworm species, new knowledge generated by studying M. lignano can be easily translated to parasitic f latworms with the help of modern bioinformatic methods of comparative genomics and transcriptomics. In support of this, we provide the results of our bioinformatics search and analysis of genes homologous between M. lignano and parasitic f latworms, which predicts a list of promising gene targets for subsequent research.

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Section: Main Methods and Application Of M Lignano For Comparative Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Main Methods and Application Of M Lignano For Comparative Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

<i>Macrostomum lignano</i> as a model to study the genetics and genomics of parasitic flatworms

et al. 2021

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Advancements in genetic techniques and functional genomics for enhancing crop traits and agricultural sustainability

Kumar,

Singh,

Bist

et al. 2024

Briefings in Functional Genomics

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Genetic variability is essential for the development of new crop varieties with economically beneficial traits. The traits can be inherited from wild relatives or induced through mutagenesis. Novel genetic elements can then be identified and new gene functions can be predicted. In this study, forward and reverse genetics approaches were described, in addition to their applications in modern crop improvement programs and functional genomics. By using heritable phenotypes and linked genetic markers, forward genetics searches for genes by using traditional genetic mapping and allele frequency estimation. Despite recent advances in sequencing technology, omics and computation, genetic redundancy remains a major challenge in forward genetics. By analyzing close-related genes, we will be able to dissect their functional redundancy and predict possible traits and gene activity patterns. In addition to these predictions, sophisticated reverse gene editing tools can be used to verify them, including TILLING, targeted insertional mutagenesis, gene silencing, gene targeting and genome editing. By using gene knock-down, knock-up and knock-out strategies, these tools are able to detect genetic changes in cells. In addition, epigenome analysis and editing enable the development of novel traits in existing crop cultivars without affecting their genetic makeup by increasing epiallelic variants. Our understanding of gene functions and molecular dynamics of various biological phenomena has been revised by all of these findings. The study also identifies novel genetic targets in crop species to improve yields and stress tolerances through conventional and non-conventional methods. In this article, genetic techniques and functional genomics are specifically discussed and assessed for their potential in crop improvement.

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Stepping forward and taking reverse as we move ahead in genetics

Cited by 2 publications

References 22 publications

<i>Macrostomum lignano</i> as a model to study the genetics and genomics of parasitic flatworms

<i>Macrostomum lignano</i> as a model to study the genetics and genomics of parasitic flatworms

Advancements in genetic techniques and functional genomics for enhancing crop traits and agricultural sustainability

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