“…To date, several techniques have been used to characterize oxidative protein unfolding, including circular dichroism, fluorescence spectroscopy, gel electrophoresis, UV–vis spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry (MS) . Among these, MS-based technology, where intact gas-phase ions and their subsequent dissociation within the context of tandem mass spectrometry are captured to obtain accurate intact masses and even the three-dimensional structure of proteins, has become the preferred method for protein detection and identification. , …”