“…In order to model fuzzy engineering information in the conceptual data models, the IDEF1X data model and the EXPRESS data model were initially extended in [49,57], respectively, in which the fuzziness in object instances and attribute values can be represented. In addition, the implementation of fuzzy EXPRESS model in fuzzy object-oriented databases was investigated in [50], and the formal mapping of fuzzy IDEF1X model into fuzzy object-oriented databases was presented in [93]. In the context of database models, fuzzy information modeling has been extensively investigated in [17,54,65,67,82].…”