Stenotrophomonas (Xanthomonas) maltophilia urinary tract infection. A disease that is usually severe and complicated

Vartivarian, Shahe

doi:10.1001/archinte.156.4.433

Cited by 32 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…3,4 Infection with this pathogen commonly manifests as bacteremia, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] although it can cause a wide spectrum of other infections as well. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Several studies have identified major risk factors for the infection, including neutropenia, prolonged hospitalization, previous antibiotic use, steroid use, mechanical ventilator support, and the use of medical devices such as prosthetic heart valves, urinary catheters, and indwelling central venous catheters (CVCs). [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]17,18 However, to our knowledge very little information is available regarding how often CVCs are the source of the bacteremia.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Central venous catheter and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia in cancer patients

Boktour

Hanna

Ansari

et al. 2006

Cancer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is no instrument to measure severity of sickle cell disease (SCD) in pediatric patients that is generally accepted. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a severity index for SCD in children. We developed an index consisting of 12 items and tested its validity of the index using data from 92 children. We tested whether different scores were obtained for patients classified by severity both subjectively and objectively by a partially validated existing index. Furthermore, we tested whether the index could differentiate patients classified according to genotype or the number of α‐gene deletions and evaluated whether the score on the index was correlated with the average number and days of hospitalizations/year, age and a risk of death score. We explored the effect of three different weighting systems (Score A, B, and C) to summarize these items. All weightings demonstrated a significant difference between the scores of mild, moderate, and severely affected patients, as classified by a subjective rating or with an existing index (P < 0.01). The index clearly differentiated patients by genotype (P < 0.01) or α‐gene deletions (P < 0.01). The correlation with hospitalization was moderate. Age and the risk of death score were weakly associated with the pediatric severity index for SCD. This is the first pediatric SCD severity index that was developed and validated using modern clinimetric methodology. The validity and reliability of this index should be further evaluated in a prospective study including a larger cohort, preferably diagnosed at birth. Am. J. Hematol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Central venous catheter and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia in cancer patients

Boktour

Hanna

Ansari

et al. 2006

Cancer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It has been found in the environment as a growth-promoting agent in the rhizospheres of plants, as well as in soil, water, sediment, sewage, frozen foods, and some other habitats (3,8,14,20,23,25). More importantly, S. maltophilia is increasingly prevalent in hospitals as an opportunistic human pathogen causing nosocomial infections in immunocompromised individuals and involved in postoperative infections, the infections of urinary tracts and respiratory tracts, and other disease syndromes (15,20,34,40). This organism was reported to be the second most frequently isolated nosocomial bacterium after Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and its infections have a growing clinical importance (43).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Characterization of Novel Giant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Phage φSMA5

Chang¹,

Chen²,

Lin

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is one of the most prevalent opportunistic bacteria causing nosocomial infections. It has become problematic because most of the isolates are resistant to multiple antibiotics, and therefore, development of phage therapy has attracted strong attention. In this study, eight S. maltophilia phages were isolated from clinical samples including patient specimens, catheter-related devices, and wastewater. These phages can be divided into four distinct groups based on host range and digestibility of the phage DNAs with different restriction endonucleases. One of them, designated SMA5, was further characterized. Electron microscopy showed it resembled Myoviridae, with an isometric head (90 nm in diameter), a tail (90 nm long), a baseplate (25 nm wide), and short tail fibers. The SMA5 double-stranded DNA, refractory to digestion by most restriction enzymes, was tested and estimated to be 250 kb by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. This genome size is second to that of the largest phage, KZ of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, 25 virion proteins were visualized. N-terminal sequencing of four of them suggested that each of them might have had its N terminus cleaved off. Among the 87 S. maltophilia strains collected in this study, only 61 were susceptible to SMA5, indicating that more phages are needed toward a phage therapy strategy. Since literature search yielded no information about S. maltophilia phages, SMA5 appears to be the first reported.Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, previously known as Xanthomonas maltophilia (37) and Pseudomonas maltophilia (22), is an aerobic, gram-negative bacillus widespread in a variety of environments. It has been found in the environment as a growth-promoting agent in the rhizospheres of plants, as well as in soil, water, sediment, sewage, frozen foods, and some other habitats (3,8,14,20,23,25). More importantly, S. maltophilia is increasingly prevalent in hospitals as an opportunistic human pathogen causing nosocomial infections in immunocompromised individuals and involved in postoperative infections, the infections of urinary tracts and respiratory tracts, and other disease syndromes (15,20,34,40). This organism was reported to be the second most frequently isolated nosocomial bacterium after Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and its infections have a growing clinical importance (43). The prevalence of S. maltophilia in Taiwan has also been increasing. For example, among the 6,092 bacterial strains isolated from the nosocomial infections of respiratory tracts in Taichung Veterans Hospital of Taiwan in the year 2003, 451 strains (7.4%) were identified as S. maltophilia. This bacterium ranked fifth among 86 causative bacterial species, after P. aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus (Clinical Microbiology Report, Taichung Veterans Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, 2004). Furthermore, most of these isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics, including imipenem (H.-C. Chang ...

show abstract

“…The major risk factors for S. maltophilia infection include long-term hospitalization, previous antimicrobial therapy, fungal infections, catheterization, and mechanical ventilation. S. maltophilia infection can cause bacteremia, endocarditis, pneumonia, mastoiditis, peritonitis, meningitis, or infections of the eyes, bones, joints, urinary tract, soft tissues, and wounds (4,7,10,19,21,29,30,39). The management of infections caused by S. maltophilia is particularly difficult because of its inherent resistance to many currently available broad-spectrum antibiotics (5,10,11,20,22,34).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifolate Activity of Epigallocatechin Gallate against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Navarro-Martínez

Navarro-Perán

Cabezas‐Herrera³

et al. 2005

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The catechin epigallocatechin gallate, one of the main constituents of green tea, showed strong antibiotic activity against 18 isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (MIC range, 4 to 256 g/ml). In elucidating its mechanism of action, we have shown that epigallocatechin gallate is an efficient inhibitor of S. maltophilia dihydrofolate reductase, a strategic enzyme that is considered an attractive target for the development of antibacterial agents. The inhibition of S. maltophilia dihydrofolate reductase by this tea compound was studied and compared with the mechanism of a nonclassical antifolate compound, trimethoprim. Investigation of dihydrofolate reductase was undertaken with both a trimethoprim-susceptible S. maltophilia isolate and an isolate with a high level of resistance. The enzymes were purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration, and methotrexate affinity chromatography. The two isolates showed similar levels of dihydrofolate reductase expression and similar substrate kinetics. However, the dihydrofolate reductase from the trimethoprim-resistant isolate demonstrated decreased susceptibility to inhibition by trimethoprim and epigallocatechin gallate. As with other antifolates, the action of epigallocatechin gallate was synergistic with that of sulfamethoxazole, a drug that blocks folic acid metabolism in bacteria, and the inhibition of bacterial growth was attenuated by including leucovorin in the growth medium. We conclude that the mechanism of action of epigallocatechin gallate on S. maltophilia is related to its antifolate activity.

show abstract

Stenotrophomonas (Xanthomonas) maltophilia urinary tract infection. A disease that is usually severe and complicated

Cited by 32 publications

References 11 publications

Central venous catheter and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia in cancer patients

Central venous catheter and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia in cancer patients

Isolation and Characterization of Novel Giant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Phage φSMA5

Antifolate Activity of Epigallocatechin Gallate against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About