Stenosis Quantification of Coronary Arteries in Coronary Vessel Phantoms With Second-Generation Dual-Source CT: Influence of Measurement Parameters and Limitations

Toepker, Michael; Euller, G.; Unger, Ewald; Weber, Michael; Kienzl, Daniela; Herold, Christian; Ringl, Helmut

doi:10.2214/ajr.12.9453

Cited by 17 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The results demonstrated that smaller areas and diameters had greater degrees of error in comparison to larger areas and diameters. For example, a 0.20 mm 2 area with a 0.5 mm diameter had a difference error of 664% from its true size, while a 12.57 mm 2 area with a 4 mm diameter had a difference error of 17% …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resolution is expressed in dots per inch (dpi) or micrometers (lm) and assessed by comparing the dimensions of the produced physical phantom with the original dimensions provided to the printer. Among the papers used, 10 have assessed the resolution or accuracy of the printer by quantitative (numerical) comparison, [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] 10 by qualitative (figural) comparison, 22,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] and 14 by both quantitative and qualitative comparison. 10,21,[45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56] Sixteen of the research articles do not include a verification of the printers' resolutions.…”

Section: A Characterization Of 3d-printed Phantom Spatial Accuracymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, a 0.20 mm 2 area with a 0.5 mm diameter had a difference error of 664% from its true size, while a 12.57 mm 2 area with a 4 mm diameter had a difference error of 17%. 28 Furthermore, Ceh et al 29 compared several anatomical features, such as the zygomatic bone, the middle turbinate…”

Section: A1 Computed Tomographymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent advances on the development of phantoms using 3D printing for imaging with CT, MRI, PET, SPECT, and ultrasound

2018

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Purpose: Printing technology, capable of producing three-dimensional (3D) objects, has evolved in recent years and provides potential for developing reproducible and sophisticated physical phantoms. 3D printing technology can help rapidly develop relatively low cost phantoms with appropriate complexities, which are useful in imaging or dosimetry measurements. The need for more realistic phantoms is emerging since imaging systems are now capable of acquiring multimodal and multiparametric data. This review addresses three main questions about the 3D printers currently in use, and their produced materials. The first question investigates whether the resolution of 3D printers is sufficient for existing imaging technologies. The second question explores if the materials of 3D-printed phantoms can produce realistic images representing various tissues and organs as taken by different imaging modalities such as computer tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound (US), and mammography. The emergence of multimodal imaging increases the need for phantoms that can be scanned using different imaging modalities. The third question probes the feasibility and easiness of "printing" radioactive or nonradioactive solutions during the printing process. Methods: A systematic review of medical imaging studies published after January 2013 is performed using strict inclusion criteria. The databases used were Scopus and Web of Knowledge with specific search terms. In total, 139 papers were identified; however, only 50 were classified as relevant for this paper. In this review, following an appropriate introduction and literature research strategy, all 50 articles are presented in detail. A summary of tables and example figures of the most recent advances in 3D printing for the purposes of phantoms across different imaging modalities are provided. Results: All 50 studies printed and scanned phantoms in either CT, PET, SPECT, mammography, MRI, and US-or a combination of those modalities. According to the literature, different parameters were evaluated depending on the imaging modality used. Almost all papers evaluated more than two parameters, with the most common being Hounsfield units, density, attenuation and speed of sound. Conclusions: The development of this field is rapidly evolving and becoming more refined. There is potential to reach the ultimate goal of using 3D phantoms to get feedback on imaging scanners and reconstruction algorithms more regularly. Although the development of imaging phantoms is evident, there are still some limitations to address: One of which is printing accuracy, due to the printer properties. Another limitation is the materials available to print: There are not enough materials to mimic all the tissue properties. For example, one material can mimic one property-such as the density of real tissue-but not any other property, like speed of sound or attenuation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Characterization Of 3d-printed Phantom Spatial Accuracymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent advances on the development of phantoms using 3D printing for imaging with CT, MRI, PET, SPECT, and ultrasound

2018

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“…These phantoms can be created using 3D printing, a technique with applications in different imaging modalities, including CT, for imaging and dosimetry purposes. [26][27][28][29][30][31] In this work, a 3D printed phantom with vessel-like structures designed in a similar way to the lung was used to validate the proposed method for quantifying vessel morphology. A sufficiently high-resolution micro-CT scan of the lung phantom was acquired and used as the ground truth for the vessel distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic quantitative analysis of pulmonary vascular morphology in CT images

et al. 2019

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PurposeVascular remodeling is a significant pathological feature of various pulmonary diseases, which may be assessed by quantitative computed tomography (CT) imaging. The purpose of this study was therefore to develop and validate an automatic method for quantifying pulmonary vascular morphology in CT images.MethodsThe proposed method consists of pulmonary vessel extraction and quantification. For extracting pulmonary vessels, a graph‐cuts‐based method is proposed which considers appearance (CT intensity) and shape (vesselness from a Hessian‐based filter) features, and incorporates distance to the airways into the cost function to prevent false detection of airway walls. For quantifying the extracted pulmonary vessels, a radius histogram is generated by counting the occurrence of vessel radii, calculated from a distance transform‐based method. Subsequently, two biomarkers, slope α and intercept β, are calculated by linear regression on the radius histogram. A public data set from the VESSEL12 challenge was used to independently evaluate the vessel extraction. The quantitative analysis method was validated using images of a three‐dimensional (3D) printed vessel phantom, scanned by a clinical CT scanner and a micro‐CT scanner (to obtain a gold standard). To confirm the association between imaging biomarkers and pulmonary function, 77 scleroderma patients were investigated with the proposed method.ResultsIn the independent evaluation with the public data set, our vessel segmentation method obtained an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.976. The median radius difference between clinical and micro‐CT scans of a 3D printed vessel phantom was 0.062 ± 0.020 mm, with interquartile range of 0.199 ± 0.050 mm. In the studied patient group, a significant correlation between diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide and the biomarkers, α (R = −0.27, P = 0.018) and β (R = 0.321, P = 0.004), was obtained.ConclusionIn conclusion, the proposed method was validated independently using a public data set resulting in an area under the ROC curve of 0.976 and using a 3D printed vessel phantom data set, showing a vessel sizing error of 0.062 mm (0.16 in‐plane pixel units). The correlation between imaging biomarkers and diffusion capacity in a clinical data set confirmed an association between lung structure and function. This quantification of pulmonary vascular morphology may be helpful in understanding the pathophysiology of pulmonary vascular diseases.

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“…Polymers and various polymeric composites have been commonly utilized as computed tomography (CT) phantoms due to their manufacturability and potential for wide ranged material properties. [1][2][3][4][5] However, current phantom devices are specific to the desired tissue whereas some studies aiming to improve CT medical imaging necessitate the control of the phantom CT characteristics to a fine degree. 6,7 Certain tissues and structures within the human body may differ and require a fine degree of CT number control to be anthropomorphic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and control of CT number through polymeric composites based on coronary plaque CT phantom applications

2016

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Biomedical phantoms are commonly used for various medical imaging modalities to improve imaging quality and procedures. Current biomedical phantoms fabricated commercially are high in cost and limited in the specificity of human environments and structures that can be mimicked. This study aimed to control the measurable computed tomography (CT) number in Hounsfield units through polymeric biomedical phantom materials using controlled amounts of hydroxyapatite (hA). The purpose was to fabricate CT phantoms capable of mimicking various coronary plaque types while introducing a fabrication technique and basis for a numerical model to which the technique may be applied. The CT number is tunable based on the controlled material properties of electron density and atomic numbers. Three different polymeric matrices of polyethylene (PE), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) were selected due to their varied specific densities and ease of fabrication acting as integral properties for CT phantom fabrication. These polymers were processed together with additions of hA in mass percentages of 2.5, 5, 10, and 20% hA as well as a 0% hA as a control for each polymeric material. By adding hA to PE, TPU, and PVDF an increasing trend was exhibited between CT number and weight percent of hA.

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Stenosis Quantification of Coronary Arteries in Coronary Vessel Phantoms With Second-Generation Dual-Source CT: Influence of Measurement Parameters and Limitations

Cited by 17 publications

References 33 publications

Recent advances on the development of phantoms using 3D printing for imaging with CT, MRI, PET, SPECT, and ultrasound

Recent advances on the development of phantoms using 3D printing for imaging with CT, MRI, PET, SPECT, and ultrasound

Automatic quantitative analysis of pulmonary vascular morphology in CT images

Fabrication and control of CT number through polymeric composites based on coronary plaque CT phantom applications

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