Stemflow hydrology and DOM flux in relation to tree size and rainfall event characteristics

Chen, Siyu; Cao, Ruoming; Yoshitake, Shinpei; Ohtsuka, Toshiyuki

doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.107753

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Mean (±standard deviation) flux‐based DOC enrichment ratios observed in this study for sugar maple and yellow birch stemflow relative to incident precipitation (ER S,P = 110 ± 88 and 122 ± 102, respectively) were higher than those observed in a mixed cedar swamp in Ontario (ER S,P = 16 to 68) (Duval, 2019) and higher than those of an evergreen broad leafed stand in Japan (68) (Chen et al., 2019). Mean flux‐based TDN enrichment ratios of stemflow relative to precipitation in this study (range = ER S,P = 8.0 to 16) were more similar to those reported by Duval (2019) (4.2–16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Event Scale Relationships of DOC and TDN Fluxes in Throughfall and Stemflow Diverge From Stream Exports in a Forested Catchment

et al. 2021

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Estimating the transfer of terrigenous carbon and nutrients to aquatic systems remains a fundamental challenge for carbon cycle and ecosystem studies (Drake et al., 2018;Webster & Meyer, 1997). In order to predict how terrestrial and aquatic carbon budgets will respond to climate and land use change, an understanding of the processes controlling land and inland water carbon cycling is required (Tank et al., 2018). The first interactions between terrestrial carbon sources and water inputs to forested ecosystems occur within the tree canopy, which partitions precipitation into throughfall and stemflow. Throughfall is precipitation that falls on and through the canopy to the forest floor and typically comprises the largest fraction of incident precipitation (Levia & Frost, 2006). Stemflow is precipitation that flows along tree surfaces to the base of tree trunks and typically accounts for a lower percentage of total rainfall (<10%) in forests globally (Levia Abstract Aquatic fluxes of carbon and nutrients link terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Within forests, storm events drive both the delivery of carbon and nitrogen to the forest floor and the export of these solutes from the land via streams. To increase understanding of the relationships between hydrologic event character and the relative fluxes of carbon and nitrogen in throughfall, stemflow and streams, we measured dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) concentrations in each flow path for 23 events in a forested watershed in Vermont, USA. DOC and TDN concentrations increased with streamflow, indicating their export was limited by water transport of catchment stores. DOC and TDN concentrations in throughfall and stemflow decreased exponentially with increasing precipitation, suggesting that precipitation removed a portion of available sources from tree surfaces during the events. DOC and TDN fluxes were estimated for 76 events across a 2-year period. For most events, throughfall and stemflow fluxes greatly exceeded stream fluxes, but the imbalance narrowed for larger storms (>30 mm). The largest 10 stream events exported 40% of all stream event DOC whereas those same 10 events contributed 14% of all throughfall export. Approximately 2-5 times more DOC and TDN was exported from trees during rain events than left the catchment via streams annually. The diverging influence of event size on tree versus stream fluxes has important implications for forested ecosystems as hydrological events increase in intensity and frequency due to climate change. Plain Language SummaryRainfall over forests links carbon and nutrients on tree surfaces to the forest floor and streams. Rain falling through the canopy is called throughfall while water running down the tree trunk is called stemflow. The ultimate fate of throughfall and stemflow is uncertain. We measured carbon and nitrogen dissolved in throughfall, stemflow, and stream water during rain events in Vermont. We then used rain event size to estimate how much carbon and nitrogen were transported ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Event Scale Relationships of DOC and TDN Fluxes in Throughfall and Stemflow Diverge From Stream Exports in a Forested Catchment

et al. 2021

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“…Other studies also agreed that SF r values are greater in small trees [32,46,48,49]. The fact that small trees are more efficient in capturing water at their base, and thereby creating important islands of soil moisture, brings additional insight to future stemflow studies [49], which should include these type of trees.…”

Section: Quantile Level (τ)mentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Martinez-Meza and Whitford [45] reported a direct relationship between SF and the canopy area in a Chihuahuan desert species. Chen et al [46] also reported a direct relationship between SF and DBH, mostly when rainfall was less than 15 mm per hour. Above this threshold, the effect of tree size was not significant.…”

Section: Quantile Level (τ)mentioning

confidence: 93%

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Effects of stand variables on stemflow and surface runoff in pine-oak forests in northern Mexico

et al. 2020

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The flow of water in temperate forests depends on the amount of precipitation, type of soil, topographic features, and forest cover, among other factors. Unlike the first three, forest cover can be modified by silvicultural treatments, the effects of which manifest in the quality and quantity of water, as well as in the transport of sediments and soil nutrients. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of some stand variables on surface runoff and stemflow in pine-oak forests of northern Mexico. The stand variables included tree diameter at breast height, basal area, canopy cover, and volume. They were collected in eight 0.1-ha circular plots, measured in 2016 and re-measured in 2018. Nonlinear quantile regression was used to determine the best-fit relationships between the variables. Results indicated that surface runoff was most closely and inversely related to basal area. Stemflow was related to diameter at breast height, while showing no statistical significance. A stemflow funneling ratio did show an inverse, statistically-significant relationship with diameter at breast height. These results can help determine best forest management regimes compatible with the quantity and quality of water fluxes in this type of ecosystem.

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“…An experiment with neutral bark cover showed that the covering itself leads to higher pH in all samples, whereas the pH of the bark at the bryophyte was not different from the pH of the naked bark, contrarily to the previous researches [ 41 ]. We hypothesize that the increase of pH under neutral cover may have been caused by prolonged retention of water [ 49 ] and thus the increased potential for the leaching and retention of alkaline substances caused by the cover [ 15 ]. We thus assume that if the pH under the bryophytes changed only due to the covering of the bark, it should be significantly higher than it is in locations without such coverings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Does the pH of Tree Bark Change with the Presence of the Epiphytic Bryophytes from the Family Orthotrichaceae in the Interaction with Trunk Inclination?

Kovarova

Pyszko

Plášek

2021

Plants

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The pH of tree bark is affected by many factors, amongst them epiphytic bryophytes changing in their active state environment. Thus, we hypothesized that bryophytes can change bark acidity, dependently of the inclination of the branches, as inclination affect the water regime and particle deposition. We measured the pH under bryophyte cushions and compared it to nearby naked bark. Additionally, we compared results with experimental bark covering with neutral cover. We found that the pH of naked bark declines with decreasing inclination of trunks. Although bryophyte cover did not generally change the pH of the bark, there was a significant interaction with inclination: with higher inclination, bryophytes decrease the pH reaction of bark, while with lower inclination they increase it. One possible explanation may lie in changes to alkaline particle deposition, or conversely in the acidification of the bark by leaching. In addition, an experiment with a neutral cover showed that naked bark covering would substantially increase pH. As, on average, bryophytes do not change the pH of bark, there can be mutual interference between the alkalizing effect of the bark cover itself and the acidifying biological effect of bryophytes.

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Stemflow hydrology and DOM flux in relation to tree size and rainfall event characteristics

Cited by 21 publications

References 38 publications

Event Scale Relationships of DOC and TDN Fluxes in Throughfall and Stemflow Diverge From Stream Exports in a Forested Catchment

Event Scale Relationships of DOC and TDN Fluxes in Throughfall and Stemflow Diverge From Stream Exports in a Forested Catchment

Effects of stand variables on stemflow and surface runoff in pine-oak forests in northern Mexico

How Does the pH of Tree Bark Change with the Presence of the Epiphytic Bryophytes from the Family Orthotrichaceae in the Interaction with Trunk Inclination?

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