Stem of Sorbus commixta Hedl. Extract Inhibits Cartilage Degradation and Arthritic Pain in Experimental Model via Anti-Inflammatory Activity

Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a widespread joint disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Conventional treatments for OA, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and steroids, have a risk of various adverse events, including liver, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and kidney disease, which are unsatisfactory in their effectiveness. In this study, Sorbus commixta Hedl. Stem extracts (SCE) were evaluated in animal models as potential inhibitors for the progression of OA. Sorbus commixta Hedl., which was found to have substantial anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in earlier investigations, has shown potential as a candidate for OA treatment. To mimic human OA symptoms, male rats were injected using sodium iodoacetate (MIA) in their knee joints. SCE significantly reduced MIA-induced weight-bearing loss in rats after the MIA injection and alleviated cartilage degradation and subchondral bone injury caused by MIA. In addition, SCE administration reduced levels of TNF-α and IL-1β such as pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum, as well as the levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) such as MMP-1, -3, -8 and -13 in the joint cartilage. SCE significantly inhibited the writhing responses in acetic acid-administered mice and was used to quantify pain. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7, SCE suppressed NO production and reduced the expression of TNF-α, PGE2, IL-6, IL-1β, MMP1, MMP3, MMP8, and MMP-13. Our study showed that SCE alleviated inflammation and cartilage degradation in arthritis through its anti-inflammatory activities on multiple targets.

Network analysis, in vivo, and in vitro experiments identified the mechanisms by which Piper longum L. [Piperaceae] alleviates cartilage destruction, joint inflammation, and arthritic pain

“…2009150006) were entrusted to the College of Korean Medicine at Gachon University. The dried fruit was extracted using a reflux apparatus with 30% EtOH at 85°C for 3 h. The extract was concentrated, filtered under decreased pressure, and lyophilized to yield a powder (extraction yield: 8.26%) ( Lee et al, 2021 ; Jo et al, 2023a ).…”

“…PLE (10 mg) was diluted with methanol (1 mL) and sonicated for 10 min. Samples were filtered using a 0.45-μm syringe filter (Waters Corp., United States) ( Lee et al, 2020 ; Jo et al, 2023a ).…”

“…RAW264.7 cells were seeded and grown at 37°C and 5% CO 2 for 24 h. RAW264.7 cells were cultured in 1 μg/mL dexamethasone (Sigma, United States), 10–300 μg/mL PLE and 500 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h. Then, cell supernatants were mixed with Griess reagent (1:1 ratio), and the NO concentration was measured at 540 nm ( Lee et al, 2019 ; Jo et al, 2020 ). Cell viability was analyzed using Ez-Cytox reagent (DoGenBio, Korea) according to the manufacturer’s protocols ( Yu et al, 2020 ; Jo et al, 2023a ). This experiment was repeated triplicated.…”

“…Animals were anesthetized using isoflurane with N 2 O and O 2 (7:3), and were injected with 50 µL sterile 0.9% saline with 40 mg/mL of MIA (cat no. I2512-25, Sigma, United States) into the right knee joint, except for the rats in the NT group ( Yin et al, 2016 ; Jo et al, 2023a ).…”

Anti-Inflammatory, Analgesic, Functional Improvement, and Chondroprotective Effects of Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand.-Mazz. Extract in Osteoarthritis: An In Vivo and In Vitro Study

“…In the context of this research topic, the anti-inflammatory activity of natural products is particularly worthy of attention due to their low toxicity, ease of management of long-standing diseases, and multifaceted targeted modulation of inflammation by multiple active components [9][10][11]. In particular, east Asian herbal medicine (EAHM) has accumulated extensive human dosage information with historical context for hundreds of millions of people throughout East Asia and has recently been studied from a modern perspective [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Consequently, this group of materials has potential comparative advantages over other DMOAD natural product candidates in terms of safety and efficacy.…”