Stem cells for skeletal muscle repair

Shadrach, Jennifer L.; Wagers, Amy J.

doi:10.1098/rstb.2011.0027

Cited by 96 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…However, when body is damaged due to specific diseases, injury or strong physical exercise, skeletal muscle exhibits a remarkable capacity of self-repair [1]. Repair and maintenance of skeletal muscle is attributed to the skeletal muscle stem cells, termed satellite cells [2]. In response to stimuli, quiescent satellite cells become activated and start to differentiate [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PGC-1α is associated with C2C12 Myoblast differentiation

Lin

Zhao

et al. 2014

Open Life Sciences

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PGC-1α has been implicated as an important mediator of functional capacity of skeletal muscle. However, the role of PGC-1α in myoblast differentiation remains unexplored. In the present study, we observed a significant up-regulation of PGC-1α expression during the differentiation of murine C2C12 myoblast. To understand the biological significance of PGC-1α up-regulation in myoblast differentiation, C2C12 cells were transfected with murine PGC-1α cDNA and siRNA targeting PGC-1α, respectively. PGC-1α over-expressing clones fused to form typical myotubes with higher mRNA level of myosin heavy chain isoform I (MyHCI) and lower MyHCIIX. No obvious differentiation was observed in PGC-1α-targeted siRNA-transfected cells with marked decrement of mRNA levels of MyHCI and MyHCIIX. Furthermore, PGC-1α increased the expression of MyoD and MyoG in C2C12 cells, which controlled the commitment of precursor cells to myotubes. These results indicate that PGC-1α is associated with myoblast differentiation and elevates MyoD and MyoG expression levels in C2C12 cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PGC-1α is associated with C2C12 Myoblast differentiation

Lin

Zhao

et al. 2014

Open Life Sciences

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“…iPS cells offer exciting new possibilities for understanding the complex processes that underlie the initiation and pathology of muscle diseases, as discussed by Shadrach & Wagers [150] in this issue. Muscle tissue is unusual in that it is possible to obtain the specialized muscle-forming stem cells known as satellite cells in a biopsy.…”

Section: Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells To Model Human Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

The evolving biology of cell reprogramming

Wilmut

Sullivan²,

Chambers³

2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Modern stem cell biology has achieved a transformation that was thought by many to be every bit as unattainable as the ancient alchemists' dream of transforming base metals into gold. Exciting opportunities arise from the process known as ‘cellular reprogramming’ in which cells can be reliably changed from one tissue type to another. This is enabling novel approaches to more deeply investigate the fundamental basis of cell identity. In addition, new opportunities have also been created to study (perhaps even to treat) human genetic and degenerative diseases. Specific cell types that are affected in inherited disease can now be generated from easily accessible cells from the patient and compared with equivalent cells from healthy donors. The differences in cellular phenotype between the two may then be identified, and assays developed to establish therapies that prevent the development or progression of disease symptoms. Cellular reprogramming also has the potential to create new cells to replace those whose death or dysfunction causes disease symptoms. For patients suffering from inherited cases of degenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (also known as motor neuron disease), the future realization of such cell-based therapies would truly be worth its weight in gold. However, before this enormous potential can become a reality, several significant biological and technical challenges must be overcome. Furthermore, to maintain the credibility of the scientific community with the general public, it is important that hope-inspiring advances are not over-hyped. The papers in this issue of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B : Biological Sciences cover many areas relevant to this topic. In this Introduction , we provide an overall context in which to consider these individual papers.

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“…The main regenerative pathways activated after muscle injury in satellite cells, in short, involve NOTCH1/3, Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β, and IL-6 pathways. Although nearly obvious, recently, it became more clear that most of clinical signs related to an acquired or inherited myopathy correlate to the degree of loss of satellite cells [27][28][29][30]. Age-related sarcopenia also correlates with a lesser expression degree of Pax7, IGF-1, and higher levels of Sprouty1 factor, PPARs (peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptors), and PGC1α (PPARS gamma coactivator 1-α) [31,32].…”

Section: Molecular Mechanisms Involved To Satellite-cell Activation Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal muscle structure, growth, development, and regeneration

Pinto

Souza

Oliveira

2015

Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med

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Knowledge about biochemical, structural and physiological aspects, and properties regarding the skeletal muscle has been widely obtained in the last decades. Muscle disorders, mainly represented in neuromuscular clinical practice by acquired and hereditary myopathies, are well-recognized and frequently diagnosed in practice. Most clinical complaints and biochemical characterizations of each myopathy depends on the appropriate knowledge and interpretation of pathological findings and their comparison with normal muscle findings. Great improvement has been obtained in the last decades mainly involving the mechanisms of normal muscle architecture and physiological function in the healthy individuals. Genetic mechanisms have also been widely studied. We provide an extensive literature review involving current knowledge regarding muscle cell structure and function and embryological and regenerative processes linked to muscle lesion. An updated comprehensive description involving the main nuclear genomic regulatory mechanisms of muscle regeneration and embryogenesis is provided in this review.

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Stem cells for skeletal muscle repair

Cited by 96 publications

References 85 publications

PGC-1α is associated with C2C12 Myoblast differentiation

PGC-1α is associated with C2C12 Myoblast differentiation

The evolving biology of cell reprogramming

Normal muscle structure, growth, development, and regeneration

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