Stem Cells Expansion Vector via Bioadhesive Porous Microspheres for Accelerating Articular Cartilage Regeneration

Abstract

Stem cell tissue engineering is a potential treatment for osteoarthritis. However, the number of stem cells that can be delivered, loss of stem cells during injection, and migration ability of stem cells limit applications of traditional stem cell tissue engineering. Herein, kartogenin (KGN)‐loaded poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) porous microspheres was first engineered via emulsification, and then anchored with chitosan through the amidation reaction to develop a new porous microsphere (PLGA‐CS@KGN) as a stem cell expansion vector. Following three‐dimensional co‐culture of the PLGA‐CS@KGN carrier with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the delivery system was injected into the capsule cavity in situ. In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that PLGA‐CS microspheres had a high cell‐carrying capacity up to 1 × 104 mm−3 and provided effective protection of MSCs to promote their controlled release in the osteoarthritis microenvironment. Simultaneously, KGN loaded inside the microspheres effectively cooperated with PLGA‐CS to induce MSCs to differentiate into chondrocytes. Overall, these findings indicated that PLGA‐CS@KGN microspheres held high cell‐loading ability, adapted to the migration and expansion of cells, and promoted MSCs to express markers associated with cartilage repair. Thus, PLGA‐CS@KGN can be used as a potential stem cell carrier for enhancing stem cell therapy in osteoarthritis treatment.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Nanoclay Reinforced Integrated Scaffold for Dual-Lineage Regeneration of Cartilage and Subchondral Bone

“…SOX 9 is involved in the differentiation and maturation process of chondrocytes, promoting the synthesis of the cartilage matrix and the proliferation and survival of chondrocytes . The protein encoded by the ACAN gene is a chondroitin protein.…”

Hydrogel microrobots for biomedical applications

“…Lin et al encapsulated chitosan (CS) within porous PLGA microspheres ( Bai et al, 2024 ), culminating in the development of PLGA-CS microspheres as illustrated in Figure 3A . These microspheres are characterized by their exceptional mechanical robustness, which serves to shield mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from shear-induced trauma.…”

“… (A) Schematic illustration of Preparation and application of BMSCs Delivery system ( Bai et al, 2024 ). (B) A micro-nano double lubricating hydrogel microsphere with functions of in situ cartilage regeneration and repair process visualization ( Yao et al, 2023 ).…”

“…Miniature hydrogel-based robots represent a cutting-edge technological advancement, capable of being actuated by external (A) Schematic illustration of Preparation and application of BMSCs Delivery system (Bai et al, 2024). (B) A micro-nano double lubricating hydrogel microsphere with functions of in situ cartilage regeneration and repair process visualization (Yao et al, 2023).…”

“… Preparation, driver and biomedical applications of hydrogel micromotors ( Soto et al, 2016 ; Wang et al, 2018 ; Wu et al, 2019 ; Zhao et al, 2019 ; Zhong et al, 2019 ; Kim et al, 2020 ; Pang et al, 2020 ; Xie et al, 2020 ; Li et al, 2021 ; Cai et al, 2022 ; Ko et al, 2022 ; Yao et al, 2023 ; Bai et al, 2024 ). 3D printing, Copyright © 2018, John Wiley and Sons Microfluidic, Copyright © 2023 The Authors.…”