Stem Cells as Potential Therapeutics and Targets for Infection by COVID19 – Special Issue on COVID19 in Stem Cell Reviews and Reports

Ratajczak, Mariusz Z.; Kucia, Magda

doi:10.1007/s12015-020-10116-4

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Among their pleiotropic functions, DPSCs are able to facilitate in vitro and in vivo endothelial tubulogenesis [ 36 , 37 , 57 , 58 ]. In contrast, MG-dependent glycation impairs angiogenesis and induce endothelial dysfunction [ 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylglyoxal-Dependent Glycative Stress Is Prevented by the Natural Antioxidant Oleuropein in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells through Nrf2/Glo1 Pathway

et al. 2021

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Methylglyoxal (MG) is a potent precursor of glycative stress (abnormal accumulation of advanced glycation end products, AGEs), a relevant condition underpinning the etiology of several diseases, including those of the oral cave. At present, synthetic agents able to trap MG are known; however, they have never been approved for clinical use because of their severe side effects. Hence, the search of bioactive natural scavengers remains a sector of strong research interest. Here, we investigated whether and how oleuropein (OP), the major bioactive component of olive leaf, was able to prevent MG-dependent glycative stress in human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). The cells were exposed to OP at 50 µM for 24 h prior to the administration of MG at 300 µM for additional 24 h. We found that OP prevented MG-induced glycative stress and DPSCs impairment by restoring the activity of Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1), the major detoxifying enzyme of MG, in a mechanism involving the redox-sensitive transcription factor Nrf2. Our results suggest that OP holds great promise for the development of preventive strategies for MG-derived AGEs-associated oral diseases and open new paths in research concerning additional studies on the protective potential of this secoiridoid.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylglyoxal-Dependent Glycative Stress Is Prevented by the Natural Antioxidant Oleuropein in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells through Nrf2/Glo1 Pathway

et al. 2021

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“…In particular, differentiated RPE transplantation has stringent controls associated with retinal detachment [ 31 ]. To overcome these limitations, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy has become a promising strategy to restore retinal functions through various secreted factors, resulting in antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects [ 32 ]. In patients with retinitis pigmentosa, implantation of umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) into the suprachoroidal area resulted in the best corrected visual acuity and visual field after 6 months of follow-up in a phase 3 trial [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PEDF-Mediated Mitophagy Triggers the Visual Cycle by Enhancing Mitochondrial Functions in a H2O2-Injured Rat Model

Kim

Park

et al. 2021

Cells

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Retinal degenerative diseases result from oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to the loss of visual acuity. Damaged retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) and photoreceptor cells undergo mitophagy. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) protects from oxidative stress in RPE and improves mitochondrial functions. Overexpression of PEDF in placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PD-MSCs; PD-MSCsPEDF) provides therapeutic effects in retinal degenerative diseases. Here, we investigated whether PD-MSCsPEDF restored the visual cycle through a mitophagic mechanism in RPE cells in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-injured rat retinas. Compared with naïve PD-MSCs, PD-MSCsPEDF augmented mitochondrial biogenesis and translation markers as well as mitochondrial respiratory states. In the H2O2-injured rat model, intravitreal administration of PD-MSCsPEDF restored total retinal layer thickness compared to that of naïve PD-MSCs. In particular, PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), which is the major mitophagy marker, exhibited increased expression in retinal layers and RPE cells after PD-MSCPEDF transplantation. Similarly, expression of the visual cycle enzyme retinol dehydrogenase 11 (RDH11) showed the same patterns as PINK1 levels, resulting in improved visual activity. Taken together, these findings suggest that PD-MSCsPEDF facilitate mitophagy and restore the loss of visual cycles in H2O2-injured rat retinas and RPE cells. These data indicate a new strategy for next-generation MSC-based treatment of retinal degenerative diseases.

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“…Therefore, the biological immunomodulatory properties of MSCs can be conveyed by ExMVs derived from these cells. Examples are the role of MSCderived ExMVs in attenuating graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) after bone marrow transplantation [29] and their potential role in inhibiting immune-mediated cytokine storms in patients during COVID-19 infection [40]. Overall, MSCderived ExMVs may promote an immunosuppressive response through (i) induction of immature dendritic cells, (ii) polarization of macrophages toward an M2-like immunosuppressive phenotype, (iii) inhibition of immunoglobulin release, and (iv) promoting secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines.…”

Section: Innate Immunity Cells Communicate With Each Other By Means Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate Immunity Communicates Using the Language of Extracellular Microvesicles

Ratajczak

2021

Stem Cell Rev and Rep

Self Cite

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The innate immunity system and extracellular microvesicles (ExMVs) both emerged early in the evolution of life, which is why its innate immunity cellular arm and its soluble-component arm learned, understood, and adapted to the “language” of ExMVs. This was most likely the first language of cell–cell communication during evolution, which existed before more specific intercellular crosstalk involving specific ligands and receptors emerged. ExMVs are involved in several processes in the body, including immune and coagulation responses, which are part of inflammation. In this review we will briefly highlight what is known about how ExMVs regulate the function of the cellular arm of innate immunity, including macrophages, monocytes, granulocytes, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells, and affect the soluble components of this system, which consists of the complement cascade (ComC) and soluble, circulating, pattern-recognition receptors (collectins, ficolins, and pentaxrins). These effects are direct, due to the fact that ExMVs affect the biological functions of innate immunity cells and may directly interact with soluble components of this system. Moreover, by activating coagulation proteases, ExMVs may also indirectly activate the ComC. In this review, we will use the term “extracellular microvesicles” (ExMVs) to refer to these small, spheroidal blebs of different sizes, which are surrounded by a membrane lipid layer. We will focus on the role of both ExMVs released during cell-surface membrane budding and smaller ExMVs, known as exosomes, which are derived from the budding of the endosomal membrane compartment. Finally, we will provide a brief update on the potential therapeutic applications of ExMVs, with a special emphasis on innate immunity. Graphical Abstract

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Stem Cells as Potential Therapeutics and Targets for Infection by COVID19 – Special Issue on COVID19 in Stem Cell Reviews and Reports

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

Methylglyoxal-Dependent Glycative Stress Is Prevented by the Natural Antioxidant Oleuropein in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells through Nrf2/Glo1 Pathway

Methylglyoxal-Dependent Glycative Stress Is Prevented by the Natural Antioxidant Oleuropein in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells through Nrf2/Glo1 Pathway

PEDF-Mediated Mitophagy Triggers the Visual Cycle by Enhancing Mitochondrial Functions in a H2O2-Injured Rat Model

Innate Immunity Communicates Using the Language of Extracellular Microvesicles

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