Stem Cells and Tissue Renewal

Es, Johan H. van; Bartfeld, Sina

doi:10.1002/9781118512074.ch2

Cited by 1 publication

(4 citation statements)

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“…Host defenses that protect the glands/crypts include antimicrobials such as acid, antimicrobial peptides and ROS, along with mucus and oxygen. These properties act together to maximize the distance between the microbiota and the epithelium of the glands and crypts [10–12,14]. This distance may be key to protecting the stem cells within the glands/crypts, as these are essential to regenerate the entire epithelial cell population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each gland or crypt contains stem cells responsible for differentiation of the various epithelial cell types that line the structures (Fig. 1) [10–14].…”

Section: Anatomy and Physiology Of The Gi Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These crypts, like glands in the stomach, contain hormone-secreting endocrine cells and mucus-secreting cells, here called goblet cells. They uniquely contain nutrient absorbing enterocytes and Paneth cells [14]. Paneth cells secrete antimicrobial molecules that diffuse to the small intestine lumen [18].…”

Section: Anatomy and Physiology Of The Gi Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cecal and colonic crypts have a similar cellular composition as the small intestine crypts, but lack Paneth cells (Fig. 1) [12,14].…”

Section: Anatomy and Physiology Of The Gi Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Control of bacterial colonization in the glands and crypts

Yang

Ottemann

2019

Current Opinion in Microbiology

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The epithelial cell layer of the major organs of the mammalian gastrointestinal (GI) tract is extensively invaginated into thousands of gland and crypt structures. These are lined by distinct sets of epithelial cells and may comprise discrete niches. The host maximizes the distance between the epithelial cell layer and GI-inhabiting microbes to limit inflammation, and these strategies also likely keep bacteria out of the glands and crypts. We discuss here the specific host processes that have been shown to restrict bacterial presence in the glands and crypts, specifically the immune system, acid, mucin, oxygen, and reactive oxygen species. Not surprisingly, microbes have evolved sophisticated strategies to overcome these host factors and reside close to the epithelium in the glands and crypts. Bacterial properties important for gland and crypt colonization include bacterial immunomodulatory molecules, chemotaxis, and the use of certain metabolites. Overall, these as-yet limited studies suggest there are specific host and bacterial properties that control gland and crypt colonization, contributing to the overall microbial spatial organization of the GI tract. However, there remains much to be discovered in this area.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each gland or crypt contains stem cells responsible for differentiation of the various epithelial cell types that line the structures (Fig. 1) [10–14].…”

Section: Anatomy and Physiology Of The Gi Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%