Stem Cell Transplantation for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: Current Options and Opportunities

Jiang, Liangfu; Jones, Salazar; Jia, Xin

doi:10.3390/ijms18010094

Cited by 155 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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Section: Cell-based Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Investigations on cell-based therapy are still in the preclinical level except some trials on Schwann cells [139]. Stem cells used for nerve repair interventions are mentioned in Table 3.…”

Section: Cell-based Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…. iPSCs showed enhanced neuronal regeneration, but tumorigenicity, need for immunosuppression and chromosomal aberrations limit their use [139,140].…”

Section: Cell-based Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most extensively studied therapeutic models have included Schwann cells (SCs), but scientific improvements were achieved with different types of stem cells as well. Cell-based therapy is performed with stem cells owing to their self-renewal ability and capacity for differentiation into specialized cell types.Investigations on cell-based therapy are still in the preclinical level except some trials on Schwann cells [139]. Stem cells used for nerve repair interventions are mentioned in Table 3.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schwann cell cultures have mostly shown acceptable results in experimental studies; however, they are not good enough and search for an ideal cell is still ongoing. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells have also demonstrated favourable results with numerous advantages like easy harvesting, high cell viability and secretion of multiple trophic factors [139,140].Even though cell-based therapy is promising for future, it is already associated with certain limitations. The most important issue is cell transplantation safety, and the other is that cell preparations are time consuming.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peripheral Nerve Injury and Current Treatment Strategies

Tezcan¹

2017

Peripheral Nerve Regeneration - From Surgery to New Therapeutic Approaches Including Biomaterials and Cell-Based Therapies Deve

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Neuronal cells are the main fundamental anatomic unit of the system. Nerve injuries are generally divided into three categories as neuropraxia, axonotmesis and neurotmesis. Neurotmesis is the most severe form. Schwann cells are activated within 24 hours of the injury and the healing cascade continued with the cells, which are stimulated by Schwann cells. And neurotrophic factors like nerve growth factor (NGF) have a crucial role in regeneration and degeneration processes. Additionally, Schwann cells upregulate the expression of some proteins, such as fibronectin, which are crucial for axonal regeneration. All this information about nerve healing sheds light on treatment studies. Iatrogenic nerve injury has an important place in peripheral nerve injury. Causes may be direct surgical damage, wrong intraoperative patient positioning, anaesthesiarelated reasons or limb tourniquets. Typical symptoms are motor or sensory deficits such as paraesthesia, weakness, paralysis and pain. Many of the traumatic nerve injuries require surgical repair. Direct nerve repair and autologous nerve grafts are still goldstandard treatment options. Additionally, nerve conduits are very successful to provide an ideal peripheral support for neuronal recovery but are still insufficient. In recent years, research efforts have focused on the neurotrophic factors and cell-based therapies to perform better microenvironment for neuronal healing.Keywords: peripheral nerve, injury, iatrogenic, nerve grafts, conduit, cell-based therapy IntroductionAn injury to a nerve can result in a problem with the muscle innervation or in a loss of sensation. In some people, it can also cause pain. The type of nerve injury will determine the type of treatment that will be needed. Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) affect all age groups and have many causes like trauma and medical disorders. The majority of the peripheral nerve injuries © 2017 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.(PNI) occur in the upper extremity and are secondary to trauma [1]. Typical symptoms are motor or sensory deficits such as paraesthesia, weakness, paralysis and pain [2]. Many of the traumatic nerve injuries require surgical repair. The primary goal of the repair is to achieve the reinnervation of the target organs, but the therapeutic options which are used at present cannot achieve perfect sensory and motor recovery in all cases. In this chapter, the pathophysiology and mechanisms of nerve injuries, the traumatic nerve injuries, especially the iatrogenic forms, and therapeutic options for the peripheral nerve injuries will be discussed. Peripheral nerve anatomyPeripheral nervous system consists of neuronal cells, glial cells and stromal cells. Neuronal cells are the main fundamental anatomic unit of the system. Neurons conduct elec...

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Section: Cell-based Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Investigations on cell-based therapy are still in the preclinical level except some trials on Schwann cells [139]. Stem cells used for nerve repair interventions are mentioned in Table 3.…”

Section: Cell-based Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…. iPSCs showed enhanced neuronal regeneration, but tumorigenicity, need for immunosuppression and chromosomal aberrations limit their use [139,140].…”

Section: Cell-based Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Peripheral Nerve Injury and Current Treatment Strategies

Tezcan¹

2017

Peripheral Nerve Regeneration - From Surgery to New Therapeutic Approaches Including Biomaterials and Cell-Based Therapies Deve

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Advanced Functional Biomaterials for Stem Cell Delivery in Regenerative Engineering and Medicine

Wang

Rivera‐Bolanos

Jiang

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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Stem cell-based therapies can potentially regenerate many types of tissues and organs, thereby providing solutions to a variety of diseases and injuries. However, acute cell death, uncontrolled differentiation, and low functional engraftment yields remain critical obstacles for clinical translation. Advanced functional biomaterial scaffolds that can deliver stem cells to the targeted tissues/organs and promote stem cell survival, differentiation, and integration to host tissues may potentially transform the clinical outcome of stem cellbased regenerative therapies. In this review, the authors briefly summarize sources of stem cells for transplantation, present the current state of the art in biomaterial design for stem cell delivery, and provide critical analysis for existing materials. Applications to the cardiovascular, neural, and musculoskeletal systems are highlighted with recent nonclinical studies and clinical trials. The authors also discuss how advances in biomaterials research can contribute to regenerative medicine research and stem cell therapies. application in the clinical setting. These challenges include the manipulation of stem cell fate pre-and post-transplantation and protection of the cells during and after their delivery to the target site. [3] The microenvironment, also referred to as stem cell niche, plays key roles in stem cell fate determination. [4] In vivo, the interplay among complex microenvironmental cues precisely regulate stem cell function so they may undergo self-renewal to maintain the stem cell pool or to undergo differentiation to regenerate tissue. However, the majority of current stem cell transplant strategies in clinical trials use injections with a buffer fluid, which provides insufficient protection and manipulation of cell fate. [5] As a result, the vast majority of transplanted cells die during their delivery or within a short time thereafter. Engineering approaches, especially in the biomaterials field, offer strategies to address the challenges and current limitations of stem cell therapy. Innovative design of biomaterials enables delicate control of their biophysical and biochemical properties, which provides an artificial niche to regulate stem cell functions. Delivery of cells via engineered biomaterial carriers can promote cell survival by reducing the microenvironmental shock (shear stress, inflammation, etc.), improving cell retention by preventing cell leakage and enhancing regenerative responses from delivered cells by manipulating stem cell fate. [6] In this review, we summarize and provide perspective on stem cell sources and the state of the art in the design, fabrication, and application of advanced functional biomaterials for stem cell delivery. We discuss current stem cell phenotypes and the requirements in biomaterial design and fabrication for successful stem cell transplantation. We also highlight recent nonclinical and clinical studies of stem cell therapy in the cardiovascular, neural, and musculoskeletal systems. Lastly, we conclude with an outlo...

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Peripheral Nerve Regeneration with 3D Printed Bionic Scaffolds Loading Neural Crest Stem Cell Derived Schwann Cell Progenitors

Yuan

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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Peripheral nerve injuries are one of the most common types of traumatic damage to the nervous system. Treatment of peripheral nerve injuries aims to promote axon regrowth by imitating and improving the microenvironment for sciatic nerve regeneration. In this study, regeneration efficiency and behavior of peripheral nerves are compared under three treatment strategies: 1) transplantation of Schwann cell progenitors induced from purified neural crest stem cells; 2) implantation of a multiscale scaffold based on high‐resolution 3D printing; and 3) implantation of this bionic scaffold loading Schwann cell progenitors. The results of structural, electrophysiological, and behavioral tests demonstrate that the three treatment strategies result in different degrees of regeneration. The purified neural crest stem cells differentiate into functional Schwann cells and promote axon regeneration. The multifunctional 3D printed scaffold promotes oriented growth and myelination, and the myelinated nerve regrows with increased density and without visible scaffolds after six months. For the regeneration, scaffold treatment produces better performance than cell graft alone. Finally, it is shown that implantation of multiscale scaffolds preloaded with neural crest stem cell derived Schwann cell progenitors is the best strategy to promote peripheral nerve regeneration with improved anatomy and function among the three different strategies.

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Stem Cell Transplantation for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: Current Options and Opportunities

Cited by 155 publications

References 133 publications

Peripheral Nerve Injury and Current Treatment Strategies

Peripheral Nerve Injury and Current Treatment Strategies

Advanced Functional Biomaterials for Stem Cell Delivery in Regenerative Engineering and Medicine

Peripheral Nerve Regeneration with 3D Printed Bionic Scaffolds Loading Neural Crest Stem Cell Derived Schwann Cell Progenitors

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