Stem Cell Therapy in the Management of Fracture Non-Union – Evaluating Cellular Mechanisms and Clinical Progress

Khatkar, Harman; See, Abbas

doi:10.7759/cureus.13869

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Bone is a structure in the body that has a natural ability to regenerate. 1 It is the second most transplanted tissue, and there is a high demand for it. 2,3 Proper anatomical fixation and immobility can often help fractures heal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan/alginate scaffold enhanced with Berberis vulgaris extract for osteocyte differentiation of ovine fetal stem cells

Soltani,

Ghaneialvar,

Abbasi

et al. 2024

Cell Biochemistry & Function

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Designing biocompatible polymers using plant derivatives can be extremely useful in tissue engineering, nanomedicine, and many other fields of medicine. In this study, it was first looked into how chitosan/alginate scaffolds were made and characterized in the presence of berberine and barberry fruit extract. Second, the process of proliferation and differentiation of ovine fetal BM‐MSCs (bone marrow‐mesenchymal stem cells) was assessed on these scaffolds after BM‐MSCs were extracted and confirmed by developing into osteocyte and adipose cells. To investigate the differentiation, treatment groups include (1) ovine fetal BM‐MSCs were plated in Dulbecco's modified eagle medium culture medium with high glucose containing 10% fetal bovine serum and antibiotics (negative control), (2) ovine fetal BM‐MSCs were plated in osteogenic differentiation medium (positive control group), (3) positive control group + barberry fruit extract, (4) positive control group + berberine, (5) ovine fetal BM‐MSCs were plated in osteogenic differentiation medium on chitosan/alginate scaffold (hydrogel group), (6) ovine fetal BM‐MSCs were plated in osteogenic differentiation medium on chitosan/alginate/barberry fruit extract scaffold (hydrogel group containing barberry fruit extract), and (7) ovine fetal BM‐MSCs were plated in osteogenic differentiation medium on chitosan/alginate/berberine scaffold (hydrogel group containing berberine). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme concentrations, mineralization rate using a calcium kit, and mineralization measurement by alizarin staining quantification were all found after 21 days of culture. In addition, real‐time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the expression of the ALP, COL1A2, and Runx2 genes. Days 5 and 7 had the lowest water absorption by the hydrogel scaffold containing barberry extract, which was significant in comparison to other groups (p < .05). Among the hydrogel scaffolds under study, the one containing barberry extract exhibited the lowest tensile strength, and this difference was statistically significant (p < .05). The chitosan/alginate hydrogel has the highest tensile strength of all of them. In comparison to the control and other treatment groups, the inclusion of berberine in the chitosan/alginate hydrogel significantly increased the expression of the ALP, Runx2, and COL1A2 genes (p < .05). The osteocyte differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in in vitro settings appears to have been enhanced by the inclusion of berberine in the chitosan/alginate scaffold.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan/alginate scaffold enhanced with Berberis vulgaris extract for osteocyte differentiation of ovine fetal stem cells

Soltani,

Ghaneialvar,

Abbasi

et al. 2024

Cell Biochemistry & Function

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“…Current cell therapies for nonunion include bone marrow transplantation and stem cell therapy. Despite the wide application of bone marrow for nonunion treatment, a significant proportion of BMSCs are typically contaminated by immune cells, thus compromising the efficacy of bone marrow transplantation. To overcome this issue, mesenchymal stem cells with low immunogenicity, high proliferation, and differentiation ability have been used clinically for treatment .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Sorted by Semiconducting Polymer Nanodots for Bone Repair

Wang,

Mi,

et al. 2023

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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The use of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) for bone defect repair has shown great promise due to their differentiation potential. However, isolating the BMSCs from various cell types within the bone marrow remains challenging. To tackle this issue, we utilized semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) as markers to select the BMSCs within a specific time frame. The therapeutic efficacy of the obtained Pdot-labeled BMSCs was assessed in a bone defect model. Initially, we evaluated the binding capacity of the Pdots with four different types of cells present in the bone marrow including BMSCs, osteoblasts, macrophages, and vascular endothelial cells, in vitro. Notably, BMSCs showed the most rapid uptake of the Pdots, being labeled within only one h of coculture, while other cells took four h to become labeled. Moreover, by colocalizing the Pdots with Prrx1, Sca-1, OSX, F480, and CD105 in the bone marrow cells of monocortical tibial defect (MTD) mice in vivo, we determined the proportions of BMSCs, macrophages, and vascular endothelial cells among all labeled cells from 1 to 8 h after the Pdots injection. It was found that BMSCs have the highest proportion (92%) among all labeled cells extracted after 1 h of Pdots injection. The therapeutic efficacy of the obtained Pdots-labeled BMSCs (1 h) was assessed in a bone defect model. Results showed that the new bone accrual was significantly increased in the treatment of Pdots-labeled BMSCs compared to the bone marrow cell-treated group. Our study revealed that BMSCs screened by the Pdots could improve bone defect repair, suggesting a promising application of the Pdots in bone healing.

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“…Bone nonunion, a serious complication of fracture, occurs in approximately 5-10% of patients with bone fractures [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Infected bone nonunion is caused by many factors, including fractures and accidents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome Sequencing Analysis of lncRNA and mRNA Expression Profiles in Bone Nonunion

Zhou

Wan

Tian

et al. 2022

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Background. Bone nonunion is a serious complication of fracture. This study explored the differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) and mRNAs (DEGs) and identified potential lncRNA-mRNA interactions in bone nonunion. Methods. We extracted total RNA from three bone nonunion and three bone union patient tissue samples. RNA sequencing was performed to detect DELs and DEGs between bone nonunion and union tissue samples. The lncRNAs and genes with absolute log2-fold change log 2 FC > 1 and adjusted p value < 0.05 were further chosen for gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. lncRNA and targeted mRNA interaction networks were constructed. Results. We observed 179 DELs and 415 DEGs between the bone nonunion and union tissue samples. GO analysis indicated that DELs and DEGs were mainly enriched in the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process. DELs and DEGs were enriched in “ECM-receptor interaction” and “Staphylococcus aureus infection” KEGG pathways. Several potential lncRNA-mRNA interactions were also predicted. Conclusions. This study identified bone nonunion-associated lncRNAs and mRNAs using deep sequencing that may be useful as potential biomarkers for bone nonunion.

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Stem Cell Therapy in the Management of Fracture Non-Union – Evaluating Cellular Mechanisms and Clinical Progress

Cited by 9 publications

References 46 publications

Chitosan/alginate scaffold enhanced with Berberis vulgaris extract for osteocyte differentiation of ovine fetal stem cells

Chitosan/alginate scaffold enhanced with Berberis vulgaris extract for osteocyte differentiation of ovine fetal stem cells

Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Sorted by Semiconducting Polymer Nanodots for Bone Repair

Transcriptome Sequencing Analysis of lncRNA and mRNA Expression Profiles in Bone Nonunion

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