Stem-Cell Therapy for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) in Newborns

Abstract

Premature newborns are at a higher risk for the development of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), acute lung injury (ALI) associated with lung inflammation, disruption of alveolar structure, impaired alveolar growth, lung fibrosis, impaired lung angiogenesis, and development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) with severe long-term developmental adverse effects. The current therapy for BPD is limited to supportive care including high-oxygen therapy and pharmacotherapy. Recognizing more feasible treatment options to improve lung health and reduce complications associated with BPD is essential for improving the overall quality of life of premature infants. There is a reduction in the resident stem cells in lungs of premature infants with BPD, which strongly suggests a critical role of stem cells in BPD pathogenesis; this warrants the exploration of the potential therapeutic use of stem-cell therapy. Stem-cell-based therapies have shown promise for the treatment of many pathological conditions including acute lung injury and BPD. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes are promising and effective therapeutic modalities for the treatment of BPD. Treatment with MSCs and EVs may help to reduce lung inflammation, improve pulmonary architecture, attenuate pulmonary fibrosis, and increase the survival rate.

Stem cell-based therapy for human diseases

“…The majority of these trials use UC-derived stem cells for phases I and II, focusing on evaluating the safety and efficacy of stem cell-based therapy. 212 Human UC tissue and its derivative components are considered the most attractive cell sources for MSCs in the treatment of BPD due to the ease of obtaining them, being readily available, with no ethical concerns, low antigenicity, a high cell proliferation rate, and superior regenerative potential. Chang et al used MSCs derived from UC blood in a phase I dose-escalation clinical trial to treat 9 preterm infants via intratracheal administration to prevent the development of BPD.…”

Potential Therapy Intrathracheal Uses Umbilical Cord Blood Mesencimal Stem Cell Derivatives As The Latest Strategy For The Treatment Of Dysplasia Broncopulmonary In Premature Infants In Indonesia : A Literature Review

“…This finding proves that the therapeutic effect on BPD is more related to its paracrine effect than to its regenerative effect. 9 According to Omar and colleagues in 2022, an animal model of BPD transplanted with MSC experienced alveolar repair and pulmonary vascular remodeling 16 . Specifically, MSCs can provide (i) anti-inflammatory effects, namely decreasing proinflammatory cytokines such as MIF macrophages, IFN-, TGF-, and TNF-, (ii) antifibrotic effects, namely decreasing collagen density, MMP, and elastin expression, and increased VEGF, MMP-2, vessel density, and angiogenesis, and (iii) improved lung function and accelerated recovery with decreased injury-related protein markers BPD, CX3CL1, TNF-, TIM-1, hepassocin, neprilysin, osteoprotegerin, and LIF , and increased alveolar septal width and septal crest density.…”

Comparative Analysis of Co-Cultured Amniotic Cell-Conditioned Media with Cell-Free Amniotic Fluid Reveals Differential Effects on Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Myofibroblast Activation

“…These bodies of literature suggest that AECs and AFCs have the potential to effectively treat a variety of conditions, ranging from cutaneous wounds to orthopedic conditions, to liver or lung disorders, and neurological conditions. While some efficacy has been shown in certain clinical contexts [ 59 , 60 , 61 ], it is clear that these treatments are safe when properly administered [ 62 , 63 ]. Furthermore, the therapeutic effects appear to be mediated not necessarily by the cells directly, but by their secreted trophic factors [ 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 ].…”