Stem Cell Therapy and Innate Lymphoid Cells

Epigenetics plays a crucial role in gene regulation and cell function without changing the DNA sequence. The process of differentiation in eukaryotes during cellular morphogenesis is a paradigm of epigenetic change; stem cells develop into pluripotent cell lines in the embryo, eventually becoming terminally developed cells. Recently, epigenetic changes were shown to play an important role in immune cell development, activation and differentiation, which impacts chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation, post-translational histone modifications and small or lncRNA engagement. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are newly identified immune cells that lack antigen receptors. ILCs differentiate from hematopoietic stem cells via multipotent progenitor stages. In this editorial, the authors discuss the epigenetic regulation of ILC differentiation and function.

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Cellular and Epigenetic Aspects of Trained Immunity and Prospects for Creation of Universal Vaccines in the Face of Increasingly Frequent Pandemics

Alekseenko,

Vasilov,

Kondratyeva

et al. 2023

Genetika

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The inevitability of pandemics creates an urgent requirement for emergency action to develop effective technologies to reduce harm to the human population in the period between the onset of an epidemic and the development and production of a vaccine. In this review we discuss the possibility of engineering universal vaccines. Such vaccines would exploit the nonspecific potential of innate immunity, would allow the population to be vaccinated when an unidentified pathogen appears, and would reduce disease severity until pathogen-specific vaccines become available. There are strong evidences that bacterial or viral vaccines such as BCG, measles and polio have heterologous protective effects against unrelated pathogens. This is attributed to the innate immune system’s ability to maintain the memory of past infections and use it to develop immune defenses against new ones. This effect has been called “trained” immunity. The use of trained immunity may also represent an important new approach to improving existing vaccines or to developing new vaccines that combine the induction of classical adaptive immune memory and innate immune memory. Such approaches can be boosted by genetic technology and prove extremely useful against future pandemics.

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Stem Cell Therapy and Innate Lymphoid Cells

Cited by 3 publications

References 87 publications

The Cellular and Epigenetic Aspects of Trained Immunity and Prospects for Creation of Universal Vaccines on the Eve of More Frequent Pandemics

The Cellular and Epigenetic Aspects of Trained Immunity and Prospects for Creation of Universal Vaccines on the Eve of More Frequent Pandemics

Role of Epigenetics in Innate Lymphoid Cells

Cellular and Epigenetic Aspects of Trained Immunity and Prospects for Creation of Universal Vaccines in the Face of Increasingly Frequent Pandemics

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