Stem Cell Therapy: A New Therapeutic Option for Cardiovascular Diseases

Self Cite

213

180

Curcumin is known as a natural dietary polyphenol which is extracted from Curcuma longa L. It has been shown that curcumin has a variety of pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial activities. Anti-cancer effects of curcumin are due to targeting of a wide range of cellular and molecular pathways involved in cancer pathogenesis including NF-kB, MAPK, PTEN, P53, and microRNAs (miRNA) network. Multiple lines of evidence have indicated that curcumin exerts its therapeutic effects via regulating miRNA expression (e.g., miR-1, miR-7, miR-9, miR-34a, miR-181, miR-21, and miR-19) which could lead to the regulation of underlying cellular and molecular pathways involved in cancer pathogenesis. Exosomes are one of the important classes of biological vehicles which could be released from various types of cells such as cancer cells and stem cells and could change the behavior of recipient cells. It has been shown that treatment of cancer cells with different dose of curcumin leads to the release of exosomes containing curcumin. These exosomes could induce anti-cancer properties in recipient cells and reduce tumor growth. Hence, exosomes containing curcumin could be applied as powerful tools for cancer treatment. Here, we highlighted various miRNAs which could be affected by curcumin in various types of cancer. Moreover, we highlight exosomes containing curcumin as suitable therapeutic tools in cancer therapy.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNA: A novel target of curcumin in cancer therapy

Mirzaei

Masoudifar

Sahebkar

et al. 2017

Self Cite

213

180

“…Angiogenesis is one of significant biological processes for cancer cells which provide the basic materials such as oxygen, and nutrients for progression of cancer (Goradel et al, ; Rashidi, Malekzadeh, Goodarzi, Masoudifar, & Mirzaei, ). Therefore, finding of an effective biomarker could contribute to better understanding of involved mechanisms in cancer angiogenesis.…”

Section: Cdh5mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It leads to find a better therapeutic approach design. Among a variety of endothelial markers, microRNA (miRNA) has emerged as an attractive marker for various diseases such as cancer diagnosis and therapy (Gholamin et al, ; Goradel et al, ; Keshavarzi, Darijani, et al, ; Keshavarzi, Rezaie, et al, ; Mirzaei, Fathullahzadeh, et al, ; Moridikia, Mirzaei, Sahebkar, & Salimian, ; Mirzaei, Momeni, et al, ; Rabieian et al, ). These molecules are small non‐coding RNA which act as negative/positive regulators in many types of biological processes such as angiogenesis (Hoseini et al, ; Mirzaei, ; Mirzaei, Khataminfar, et al, ; Mirzaei, Sahebkar, Jaafari, Goodarzi, & Mirzaei, ; Mirzaei, Yazdi, Salehi, & Mirzaei, ; Rashidi, Hoseini, Sahebkar, & Mirzaei, ; Saadatpour et al, ).…”

Section: Cdh5mentioning

confidence: 99%

Angiogenesis biomarkers and their targeting ligands as potential targets for tumor angiogenesis

Mashreghi

Azarpara

Bazaz

et al. 2017

Self Cite

114

110

Angiogenesis is known as one of the hallmarks in cancer which could play a key role in providing oxygen and nutrients for tumor cells. It has been shown that tumor cannot grow without sufficient development of new blood vessels. Accordingly, targeting angiogenesis, especially endothelial cells, could be considered as a common therapeutic target in tumors and more investigation on already existing biomarkers and potentially new biomarkers of endothelial cells seems to be necessary in cancer therapy. Moreover, the use of effective targeting approaches such as proteins and peptides, aptamers, and small molecules is an important step for targeting biomarkers associated with endothelial cells and angiogenesis in cancer therapy. These agents are FDA approved, or are currently under investigation in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Among various biomarkers for angiogenesis microRNAs are suitable candidates for target therapy. These molecules play key roles in tumor angiogenesis which exert their effect via targeting a variety of cellular and molecular pathways involved in tumor angiogenesis. Here, we summarize a variety of biomarkers which their expressions or their functions could change the function of endothelial cells in tumor microenvironments. Moreover, we highlighted various therapeutic agents which could target these biomarkers.

“…International Society for Cell Therapy (ISCT) proposed minimal criteria to describe human MSCs; adhere to plastic, ability to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes, fibroblastoid phenotype and expression of cell surface markers CD105, CD73, CD271, CD90, and ganglioside GD2 in more than 95% of cells and absence of CD45, CD79a, or CD19, CD34, CD14, or CD11b, CD40, CD80, CD86, and the MHC II class cellular receptor HLA‐DR (Baird, ; Dominici et al, ; Goradel et al, ; Horwitz et al, ; Mirzaei, Sahebkar, Avan, et al, ; Mirzaei, Sahebkar, et al, ; Mohammadi, Jaafari, Mirzaei, & Mirzaei, ). But it should be noted that there is no unique key determinant factor to distinguish MSCs, also the relative expression levels for these markers could be varied according to the species diversity, tissue sample and culture conditions.…”

Section: Talent Of Mscs In Cancer Gene Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal stem cells: A new platform for targeting suicide genes in cancer

Tehrani

Verdi

Noureddini

et al. 2017

Self Cite

One of the important strategies for the treatment of cancer is gene therapy which has the potential to exclusively eradicate malignant cells, without any damage to the normal tissues. Gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) is a two-step gene therapy approach, where a suicide gene is directed to tumor cells. The gene encodes an enzyme that expressed intracellularly where it is able to convert a prodrug into cytotoxic metabolites. Various delivery systems have been developed to achieve the appropriate levels of tumor restricted expression of chemotherapeutic drugs. Nowadays, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been drawing great attention as cellular vehicles for gene delivery systems. Inherent characteristics of MSCs make them particularly attractive gene therapy tools in cell therapy. They have been used largely for their remarkable homing property toward tumor sites and availability from many different adult tissues and show anti-inflammatory actions in some cases. They do not stimulate proliferative responses of lymphocytes, suggests that MSCs have low immunogenicity and could avoid immune rejection. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge about genetically modified MSCs that enable to co-transduce a variety of therapeutic agents including suicide genes (i.e., cytosine deaminase, thymidine kinase) in order to exert potent anti-carcinogenesis against various tumors growth. Moreover, we highlighted the role of exosomes released from MSCs as new therapeutic platform for targeting various therapeutic agents.