Stem‐Cell Responses to Surface Nanotopographies

Stimulation of Early Osteochondral Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Using Binary Colloidal Crystals (BCCs)

“…Because of the simplicity of the fabrication process, colloidal self-assembly-based approaches have outstanding potential to generate surface nanotopographies in different fields, but so far they have not been widely exploited in biomedical applications. , Previous studies have shown that colloids can self-assemble into highly ordered structures by tuning the colloids, solution, and assembly conditions, and that they can be used as a mask to generate various delicate structures and patterns. Recently, ordered colloidal masks, self-assembled monolayer crystals, have also been successfully used directly as a substrate for stem cell culture. , Most importantly, colloidal self-assembled monolayers can generate surface nanotopographies at a large scale (>7 cm 2 ), which is important for applications in a clinical setting, , or as substrates for stem cell expansion.…”

“…Recently, ordered colloidal masks, self-assembled monolayer crystals, have also been successfully used directly as a substrate for stem cell culture. , Most importantly, colloidal self-assembled monolayers can generate surface nanotopographies at a large scale (>7 cm 2 ), which is important for applications in a clinical setting, , or as substrates for stem cell expansion. We have developed large colloidal patterns and used them as masks or substrates for various applications. ,,, Monolayer binary colloidal crystals (BCCs) are composed of two different surface chemistries and a specific surface nanotopography with each combination. The complex surface property allows cells to adhere but inhibits cell spreading and retards their growth.…”

“…Recently, we have applied this concept to generate ordered nanotopographies of 60−300 nm feature heights from 720 nm polystyrene particles for human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) and MG63 osteoblasts culture. 14 The results showed that surface modification by these ordered nanotopographies can enhance osteogenic differentiation of both cell types. More importantly, these ordered nanotopographies made from colloidal lithography can be easily applied and coated on biomaterial surfaces used for applications in vitro.…”

“…Colloidal self-assembly of nano- and microparticles is a promising approach to generate various surface nanotopographies with both random and ordered structures. ,− Randomly distributed colloids or close-packed colloidal crystals on surfaces can be used as masks to produce random or ordered surface structures, respectively, in a process called colloidal lithography. , The feature sizes generated from colloidal lithography can be as small as a few nanometres depending on the particle size and lithographic conditions employed. Recently, we have applied this concept to generate ordered nanotopographies of 60–300 nm feature heights from 720 nm polystyrene particles for human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) and MG63 osteoblasts culture . The results showed that surface modification by these ordered nanotopographies can enhance osteogenic differentiation of both cell types.…”

Modulation of human mesenchymal and pluripotent stem cell behavior using biophysical and biochemical cues: A review

“…Although biochemical modulation of stem cell growth and differentiation using small molecules and growth factors have been the focus of stem cell biology for years (Efthymiou et al, 2014), less attention has been paid to biophysical cues but recent research is proving to be very promising (Downing et al, 2013;Hao et al, 2015;Kshitiz et al, 2012;Wang and Tsai, 2015). Studies have proposed that biophysical cues can direct stem cell behavior by either maintaining their phenotype or improving lineage commitment, and they are of great interest because they are cost effective, longer lasting, easily characterized, and can be manufactured with high reproducibility (Villa-Diaz et al, 2013).…”