Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Alessio, Nicola; Brigida, Anna Lisa; Peluso, Gianfranco; Antonucci, Nicola; Galderisi, Umberto; Siniscalco, Dario

doi:10.3390/ijerph17030944

Cited by 16 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 76 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Finally, there are beginning studies of rodent models of MSC exos therapy in Alzheimer's disease (Reza‐Zaldivar et al., 2018), Parkinson's disease (Jarmalavičiūtė, Tunaitis, Pivoraitė, Venalis, & Pivoriūnas, 2015) status elepticus (Long et al., 2017) and even autism (Alessio et al., 2020). Al together this is a prodigious list.…”

Section: Covid 19 Therapy With Mesenchymal Stromal Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID‐19 therapy with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and convalescent plasma must consider exosome involvement: Do the exosomes in convalescent plasma antagonize the weak immune antibodies?

Askenase

2020

J of Extracellular Vesicle

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Exosome extracellular vesicles as biologic therapy for COVID‐19 are discussed for two areas. The first involves the growing use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for the profound clinical cytokine storm and severe pneumonia in COVID‐19 patients. Instead, it is recommended to treat alternatively with their MSC‐released exosomes. This is because many reports in the literature and our data have shown that the release of exosomes from the in vivo administered MSC is actually responsible for their beneficial effects. Further, the exosomes are superior, simpler and clinically more convenient compared to their parental MSC. Additionally, in the context of COVID‐19, the known tendency of MSC to intravascularly aggregate causing lung dysfunction might synergize with the pneumonia aspects, and the tendency of MSC peripheral vascular micro aggregates might synergize with the vascular clots of the COVID‐19 disease process, causing significant central or peripheral vascular insufficiency. The second exosome therapeutic area for severe COVID‐19 involves use of convalescent plasma for its content of acquired immune antibodies that must consider the role in this therapy of contained nearly trillions of exosomes. Many of these derive from activated immune modulating cells and likely can function to transfer miRNAs that acting epigenetically to also influence the convalescent plasma recipient response to the virus. There is sufficient evidence, like recovery of patients with antibody deficiencies, to postulate that the antibodies actually have little effect and that immune resistance is principally due to T cell mechanisms. Further, COVID‐19 convalescent plasma has remarkably weak beneficial effects if compared to what was expected from many prior studies. This may be due to the dysfunctional immune response to the infection and resulting weak Ab that may be impaired further by antagonistic exosomes in the convalescent plasma. At the least, pre selection of plasma for the best antibodies and relevant exosomes would produce the most optimum therapy for very severely affected COVID‐19 patients.

show abstract

Section: Covid 19 Therapy With Mesenchymal Stromal Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID‐19 therapy with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and convalescent plasma must consider exosome involvement: Do the exosomes in convalescent plasma antagonize the weak immune antibodies?

Askenase

2020

J of Extracellular Vesicle

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Stem cell therapy alleviates the symptoms of autism by an unknown molecular pathway. One explanation for its effects is the paracrine activity by stem cells, by which plenty of anti-inflammatory cytokines, including exosomes are secreted (Alessio et al, 2020).…”

Section: Anti-inflammatory Treatment In Relieving the Symptoms Of Asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

The immune system and autism spectrum disorder: association and therapeutic challenges

Heidari

Rostam–Abadi

Rezaei

2022

Acta Neurobiol. Exp.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, affecting communication and behavior. Historically, ASD had been described as a purely psychiatric disorder with genetic factors playing the most critical role. Recently, a growing body of literature has been emphasizing the importance of environmental and immunological factors in its pathogenesis, with the autoimmune process attracting the most attention. This study provides a review of the autoimmune involvement in the pathogenesis of ASD. The microbiome, the representative of the innate immune system in the central nervous system (CNS), plays a critical role in triggering inflammation. Besides, a bidirectional communicational pathway between the CNS and the intestine called the gut-brain-axis is linked to the development of ASD. Moreover, the higher plasma level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in ASD patients and the higher prevalence of autoimmune disorders in the first-degree family members of affected persons are other clues of the immune system involvement in the pathogenesis of ASD. Furthermore, some anti-inflammatory drugs, including resveratrol and palmitoylethanolamide have shown promising effects by relieving the manifestations of ASD. Although considerable advances have been made in elucidating the role of autoimmunity in the ASD pathogenesis, further studies with stronger methodologies are needed to apply the knowledge to the definitive treatment of ASD.

show abstract

“…Another intriguing approach to ameliorate ASD symptoms is to use exosomes, which are suborganelles rich in DNA, RNA, and protein content [273]. Interestingly, the composition of exosomes secreted from mesenchymal stem cells could be manipulated by the treatment of several interleukins [274].…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and Epigenetic Etiology Underlying Autism Spectrum Disorder

Yoon

Choi

Lee

et al. 2020

JCM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction, language development delays, repeated body movements, and markedly deteriorated activities and interests. Environmental factors, such as viral infection, parental age, and zinc deficiency, can be plausible contributors to ASD susceptibility. As ASD is highly heritable, genetic risk factors involved in neurodevelopment, neural communication, and social interaction provide important clues in explaining the etiology of ASD. Accumulated evidence also shows an important role of epigenetic factors, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNA, in ASD etiology. In this review, we compiled the research published to date and described the genetic and epigenetic epidemiology together with environmental risk factors underlying the etiology of the different phenotypes of ASD.

show abstract

Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Cited by 16 publications

References 76 publications

COVID‐19 therapy with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and convalescent plasma must consider exosome involvement: Do the exosomes in convalescent plasma antagonize the weak immune antibodies?

COVID‐19 therapy with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and convalescent plasma must consider exosome involvement: Do the exosomes in convalescent plasma antagonize the weak immune antibodies?

The immune system and autism spectrum disorder: association and therapeutic challenges

Genetic and Epigenetic Etiology Underlying Autism Spectrum Disorder

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About