Stem Cell-Based Regeneration and Restoration for Retinal Ganglion Cell: Recent Advancements and Current Challenges

Zhang, Jingxue; Wu, Shen; Wang, Ning Li

doi:10.3390/biom11070987

Cited by 22 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…The neuroprotective paradigm is now well accepted, and many drugs and food-derived agents have shown efficacy in cell-based and animal model-based systems. Likewise, gene- [51,99] and cell-therapy [70,[100][101][102] and DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108914 Optic Nerve and Retinal Ganglion Cell Protection, Rejuvenation, and Regeneration… controlled electrical stimulation [92] and photobiomodulation [97,102] have beneficial effects and a place in tackling degenerative maladies. The latter alone, or coupled with optogenetic [102], photoswitch [103], electromagnetic, and ultrasound-based technologies [104,105], is also beginning to show promise in promoting cytoprotection and even potential axonal regeneration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While promising, there are still many hurdles in terms of the duration of survival of the transplanted cells and the durability of their function in terms of vision restoration and the quality of the latter. Nevertheless, there is hope that further progress will be made such that translation of these laboratory findings to the glaucoma patients clinically can be achieved in the near future [69][70][71].…”

Section: Cell-replacement Therapies For Glaucoma Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optic Nerve and Retinal Ganglion Cell Protection, Rejuvenation, and Regeneration as Glaucoma Treatment Strategies

Sharif¹

2023

Glaucoma - Recent Advances and New Perspectives

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Once destroyed, neurons and their axons in the mammalian central nervous system, including retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons in the eye and neurons in the thalamic and cortical brain regions involved in visual perception, cannot automatically be replaced. Intrinsic inhibitory chemicals and structural components, suppressive transcription factors, scar formation, and the sheer long distances the RGC axons have to travel to the brain prevent or reduce regenerative capacity in the visual system damaged by aging and various diseases such as glaucoma. However, non-clinical and some clinical uses of transcorneal electrical stimulation, redlight therapy, gene-therapy, and cell replacement, among other novel technologies and techniques, appear promising to help overcome some of these hurdles. Early results indicate that indeed neuronal rejuvenation; potential regeneration and ultimate replacement of the lost RGCs and their axons, such as in glaucoma; and the reestablishment of the retina-optic nerve−brain connections may be possible. Improvement and/or partial restoration of eyesight due to ocular and neurological disease-induced visual impairment in humans may thus be possible in the near future. These aspects will be discussed in this chapter.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cell-replacement Therapies For Glaucoma Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optic Nerve and Retinal Ganglion Cell Protection, Rejuvenation, and Regeneration as Glaucoma Treatment Strategies

Sharif¹

2023

Glaucoma - Recent Advances and New Perspectives

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“…Stem cell therapy aims to treat glaucoma through multiple mechanisms. Several preclinical studies reveal that stem cells can restore TM structure and function, directly replace RGCs, and increase RGC survival via secretion of neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory factors [52 ▪ ,53 ▪ ,54 ▪ ]. Although stem cell therapy for glaucoma treatment has yet to be comprehensively explored in clinical trials, preclinical studies reveal that stem cell therapy could be a promising treatment for glaucoma.…”

Section: Stem Cell Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stem cells can ameliorate the RGC loss that occurs in glaucoma by differentiating into RGCs, integrating into the host retina, and secreting neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory factors [54 ▪ ,68,69 ▪ ,70–72]. Studies have shown that iPSC-derived RGCs can successfully integrate into the RGC layer [73,74 ▪ ,75 ▪ ], and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can differentiate into functional RGCs and localize in the retina after transplantation in glaucoma animal models [76 ▪▪ ,77,78].…”

Section: Stem Cell Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Future directions of glaucoma treatment: emerging gene, neuroprotection, nanomedicine, stem cell, and vascular therapies

Ciociola,

Fernandez,

Kaufmann

et al. 2023

Current Opinion in Ophthalmology

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Purpose of review The aim of this article is to summarize current research on novel gene, stem cell, neuroprotective, nanomedicine, and vascular therapies for glaucoma. Recent findings Gene therapy using viral vectors and siRNA have been shown to reduce intraocular pressure by altering outflow and production of aqueous humor, to reduce postsurgical fibrosis with few adverse effects, and to increase retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival in animal studies. Stem cells may treat glaucoma by replacing or stimulating proliferation of trabecular meshwork cells, thus restoring outflow facility. Stem cells can also serve a neuroprotective effect by differentiating into RGCs or preventing RGC loss via secretion of growth factors. Other developing neuroprotective glaucoma treatments which can prevent RGC death include nicotinamide, the NT-501 implant which secretes ciliary neurotrophic factor, and a Fas-L inhibitor which are now being tested in clinical trials. Recent studies on vascular therapy for glaucoma have focused on the ability of Rho Kinase inhibitors and dronabinol to increase ocular blood flow. Summary Many novel stem cell, gene, neuroprotective, nanomedicine, and vascular therapies have shown promise in preclinical studies, but further clinical trials are needed to demonstrate safety and efficacy in human glaucomatous eyes. Although likely many years off, future glaucoma therapy may take a multifaceted approach.

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“…Regeneration of RGCs requires full synaptic integration of host inner retinal stem cells and the development of long-distance axons, which project to the brain and accurately form effective synaptic connections with corresponding targets to complete signal transmission. Up to now, the replacement of RGCs has not made a breakthrough ( Zhang J. et al, 2021 ). Several recently studied cell types for transplantation including mouse induced pluripotent stem cell (miPSC) or mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC)-derived RGC ( Oswald et al, 2021 ) and spermatogonial stem cell-derived RGC ( Suen et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Cell Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

New strategies for neuro protection in glaucoma

Yang

Yan²

2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Glaucoma is a progressive, irreversible loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and axons that results in characteristic optic atrophy and corresponding progressive visual field defect. The exact mechanisms underlying glaucomatous neuron loss are not clear. The main risk factor for glaucoma onset and development is high intraocular pressure (IOP), however traditional IOP-lowering therapies are often not sufficient to prevent degeneration of RGCs and the vision loss may progress, indicating the need for complementary neuroprotective therapy. This review summarizes the progress for neuro protection in glaucoma in recent 5 years, including modulation of neuroinflammation, gene and cell therapy, dietary supplementation, and sustained-release system.

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Stem Cell-Based Regeneration and Restoration for Retinal Ganglion Cell: Recent Advancements and Current Challenges

Cited by 22 publications

References 79 publications

Optic Nerve and Retinal Ganglion Cell Protection, Rejuvenation, and Regeneration as Glaucoma Treatment Strategies

Optic Nerve and Retinal Ganglion Cell Protection, Rejuvenation, and Regeneration as Glaucoma Treatment Strategies

Future directions of glaucoma treatment: emerging gene, neuroprotection, nanomedicine, stem cell, and vascular therapies

New strategies for neuro protection in glaucoma

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