Stem Cell-Based Cell Therapy for Glomerulonephritis

Abstract

Glomerulonephritis (GN), characterized by immune-mediated inflammatory changes in the glomerular, is a common cause of end stage renal disease. Therapeutic options for glomerulonephritis applicable to all cases mainly include symptomatic treatment and strategies to delay progression. In the attempt to yield innovative interventions fostering the limited capability of regeneration of renal tissue after injury and the uncontrolled pathological process by current treatments, stem cell-based therapy has emerged as novel therapy for its ability to inhibit inflammation and promote regeneration. Many basic and clinical studies have been performed that support the ability of various stem cell populations to ameliorate glomerular injury and improve renal function. However, there is a long way before putting stem cell-based therapy into clinical practice. In the present article, we aim to review works performed with respect to the use of stem cell of different origins in GN, and to discuss the potential mechanism of therapeutic effect and the challenges for clinical application of stem cells.

Mesenchymal stem cells attenuate adriamycin‐induced nephropathy by diminishing oxidative stress and inflammation via downregulation of the NF‐kB

“…Human bone marrow specimens were obtained from the iliac crest of donor patients through a protocol approved by the Internal Review Board at Yeungnam University Hospital after informed consent was given. MSCs were isolated and cultured as previously described . Data of cell characterization and tracing included as supplementary data.…”

Intrarenal Transplantation of Hypoxic Preconditioned Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves Glomerulonephritis through Anti-Oxidation, Anti-ER Stress, Anti-Inflammation, Anti-Apoptosis, and Anti-Autophagy

“…Implementation of interventions to cure or prevent GN related deterioration is very important from both public health and economic aspects. Stem cells have the potential of self-renewal and the ability of immune modulation and as such, provide a potential therapeutic option to the unmet need of GN sufferers [8].…”

“…Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to improve renal functions in animal GN models [8], and in some refractory human lupus nephritis studies [9][10][11]. In these studies, MSCs cross-talked with target organs by secreting growth factors, cytokines, and prostaglandins, which regulate anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and anti-fibrosis effects and enhance cell proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis to repair injured tissue.…”

“…In these studies, MSCs cross-talked with target organs by secreting growth factors, cytokines, and prostaglandins, which regulate anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and anti-fibrosis effects and enhance cell proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis to repair injured tissue. These paracrine effects play a major role in MSC's therapeutic effect to the damaged kidney [2,8,12]. Additionally, increased oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of mesangial proliferative GN and leads to renal dysfunction [13].…”

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“…Stem-cell therapy is a promising technology for regenerating the patient's renal tissue. 5,6 Stem cells obtained from fetal kidney tissue might be effective for reducing proteinuria and delaying the development of glomerulosclerosis. [7][8][9] The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential effects of renal stem cells on proteinuria level and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in patients with nephrotic and nonnephrotic glomerulonephritis and stage 2-4 CKD.…”