Stem CAM in arborescent succulents

Lüttge, Ulrich

doi:10.1007/s00468-007-0198-z

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…This could contribute to explaining the positive association observed between external nutrient concentration and water capacitance in stem tissues ( Figure 5). In fact, in other plant species, a close correlation was previously observed between osmotic pressure increases (or decreases in osmotic potential) and succulence parameters (Lüttge, 2008).It has been suggested that J. curcas has the ability to combine C 3 /CAM photosynthesis in succulent stems, while leaves are capable of altering their water use efficiency, changing their C 3 metabolism for CAM (Jongschaap et al, 2009). In Euphorbia tirucalli, a drought tolerant species with potential as a biofuel source, photosynthetic pathways include C 3 metabolism in non-succulent leaves and CAM in succulent stems (Hastilestari et al, 2013).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These succulent stems are differentiated in an outer green photosynthetically active chorenchyma and an internal water storing hydrenchyma (Lüttge, 2008). Cell walls of water storage tissues have a lower modulus of elasticity than those of the chlorenchyma, so that they can absorb and release more water with small changes in turgor potential (Lüttge, 2008). In the cells of the peripheral stem chlorenchyma, that have thin walls and a large central vacuole (Cushman and Bohnert, 1997), water inflow should be favored by increases in the availability of inorganic solutes that regulate osmotic potential, as K + , Cl -and NO 3 - (Jones, 1980;Rodrigues et al, 2013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A structural property of J. curcas is the succulence of its stem tissues (Maes et al, 2009), a characteristic present in many species of the Euphorbiaceae family (Lüttge, 2008;Mwine and Van Damme, 2011). Generally, tissue succulence is associated with the occurrence of Crassulacean acid photosynthetic metabolism (CAM) or intermediate C 3 /CAM in leaves or stems (Virzo de Santo et al, 1983;Martin et al, 1990;Hastilestari et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship between succulence and shoot biomass differences according to nutritional status in Jatropha curcas L.

Santos¹,

Silva²,

França³

et al. 2015

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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Diverse types of studies have examined the application of Jatropha curcas L. as a source of biofuel. Mineral nutrition levels modify the patterns of crops' growth and productivity, as well as the expression of morphophysiological traits of adaptive value. This study investigated the effects of nutrient solution concentration on biomass partition patterns and morphological attributes linked to water content in organs of J. curcas. Selected seedlings of accession 842 were cultivated in full experimental nutritive solution, and in solutions diluted to half concentration and a quarter concentration, all adjusted to pH 6.0. After 28 days under controlled conditions, plants were harvested and measured for height, leaf area and fresh and dry mass of leaves, petioles, stems, roots and total mass. From these data, specific leaf mass, leaf succulence and stem water content levels were calculated. The results indicated that according to increased nutritive solution concentration, plant shoots had up to a two-fold increase in height, and that a decrease in these concentrations caused drastic root and total dry mass reduction. At full concentration, there was a tendency towards dry mass allocation in roots. Comparatively, leaf traits were very sensitive to nutritional level without affecting leaf succulence. Contrastingly, relative to stems, these values significantly increased according to increased nutritive concentration. It could be concluded that beyond its productive importance, the nutritional level available to these plants exerts a positive influence on tissue water contents of succulent stems, whose ecophysiological importance demand additional studies. key words: Leaf area, relative concentration of nutritive solution, specific leaf dry mass, stem succulence.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The relationship between succulence and shoot biomass differences according to nutritional status in Jatropha curcas L.

Santos¹,

Silva²,

França³

et al. 2015

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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“…This CAM physiotype has previously been reported in some stem succulent Euphorbia species (Pearcy & Troughton 1975;Willert et al 1985;Martin et al 1990;Van Damme 1991;Mies et al 1996;Elhaak et al 1997;Winter et al 2005;Ameh 2006;Feakins and Sessions 2010). Nocturnal CO 2 uptake and daytime stomatal closure characteristic of CAM imply avoidance of gas exchange when environmental conditions favor transpirational water loss and hence enhanced plant water economy (Walker & Leegood 1996;Winter & Smith 1996;Borland et al 2000;Sayed 2001b;Luttge 2004;Lu¨ttge 2008;Herrera 2009). However, during the long dry season, E. fractiflexa exhibited very low values of stomatal conductance during both day and night (Figure 1) and markedly dampened diurnal oscillation of cell sap titratable acidity (Figure 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Photosynthetic adaptation ofEuphorbia fractiflexa(Euphorbiaceae) and survival in arid regions of the Arabian Peninsula

Al‐Turki

Masrahi

Sayed

2013

Journal of Plant Interactions

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Arid regions of the Arabian Peninsula are characterized by a short wet season with erratic rainfall, high temperature, and high evaporation. In these arid regions, the leafless stem succulent Euphorbia fractiflexa S. Carter & J.R.I.Wood (Euphorbiaceae) is an abundant perennial. Work presented in this paper aimed at investigating crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) as a physiological adaptation crucial for survival of E. fractiflexa in arid regions of the Arabian Peninsula. Work involved investigations of stomatal diffusive conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence, and cell sap titratable acidity. Results represent the first report of obligate CAM in E. fractiflexa. Low values of stomatal conductance and dampening of CAM acidificationÁ deacidification cycles during the long dry season also denoted tendency of this species to shift from obligate CAM to CAM-idling. Results also showed water stress-induced reduction in Photosystem II (PSII) activity occurring in concomitance with increased non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence denoting operation of non-photochemical energy dissipation mechanisms that are important for photoprotection of the photosynthetic machinery under stress conditions.

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Crassulacean Acid Metabolism

Lüttge¹

2015

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is a carbon dioxide acquisition, transient storage and concentrating mechanism of plants based on organic acid synthesis. Amongst 350 000 species of vascular plants, 21 000 species perform CAM. In this variant of photosynthesis, carbon dioxide can be fixed nocturnally in the dark and is stored in the form of organic acids from which it is remobilised during the day for assimilation in the light. This has arisen polyphyletically during evolution. It is an ecophysiological adaptation that allows carbon dioxide acquisition with exceptionally economic use of water. CAM allows acclimation to a variety of interacting stresses. It is an adaptation for survival and not for high productivity. Nevertheless, performance of CAM species on drought‐prone marginal lands makes them potential alternative crop plants and biofuel plants. CAM is regulated in a natural night/day rhythm, but can also oscillate freely under the control of circadian biological clocks. Key Concepts Metabolic mechanisms concentrating carbon dioxide internally in plants are important for photosynthesis at the low external carbon dioxide concentration in the present atmosphere. Massive nocturnal CO 2 uptake, fixation and storage in the form of organic acids result in inorganic carbon acquisition with high water‐use efficiency (WUE). Rearranged internal management of available metabolic housekeeping functions can generate new metabolic options of adaptive value. Generation of isoforms of housekeeping enzymes can facilitate polyphyletic evolution of new metabolic pathways. Circadian oscillations can be controlled by different biological clocks, which are feedback related to each other and present in many copies. Flexibility in the expression of metabolic pathway variants facilitates adaptation under variable stress situations. Stress adaptation in plants is for survival and mostly not for high productivity. Resistance to drought stress and high water‐use efficiency supports the quest for new crop plants including biofuel crops to be grown on marginal land.

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Stem CAM in arborescent succulents

Cited by 22 publications

References 83 publications

The relationship between succulence and shoot biomass differences according to nutritional status in Jatropha curcas L.

The relationship between succulence and shoot biomass differences according to nutritional status in Jatropha curcas L.

Photosynthetic adaptation ofEuphorbia fractiflexa(Euphorbiaceae) and survival in arid regions of the Arabian Peninsula

Crassulacean Acid Metabolism

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