Stem bark extracts of Endopleura uchi (Huber) Cuatrec: Inhibition of pancreatic lipase and antioxidant activity

Abstract

Pancreatic lipase is considered an important target for the control of hyperlipidemia. Several plants, especially those rich in phenolic metabolites, have been shown to have anti-hyperlipidemic activity and are considered a good alternative for obesity prevention. Extracts of the stem bark of Endopleura uchi (Huber) Cuatrec (Humiriaceae) were evaluated for the inhibitory activity on the pancreatic lipase enzyme, as well as their antioxidant potential were verified in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test. In addition, the total phenolics (TPC) and flavonoids contents (TFC) were estimated. In general way, the acetonic and ethanolic extracts showed better results than aqueous extract. At the concentration of 1 mg/mL, both acetonic and ethanolic extracts inhibited the activity of pancreatic lipase by 49.33 and 36.88%, representing 135.26 and 102.75 of inhibited lipase activity per gram of extract (ILA/g). On the other hand, the aqueous extract inhibited lipase by 47.54% at the concentration of 2 mg/mL, which means 213.84 ILA/g. The highest antioxidant activity was observed for the acetonic extract with a 50% effective concentration (EC 50 ) of 7.9 µg/mL, followed by the ethanolic extract with EC 50 of 9.7 µg/mL and the aqueous extract with EC 50 of 12.4 µg/mL. TPC in gallic acid equivalent per gram of sample (GAE/g) were 0.52, 0.51 and 0.35 respectively for the ethanolic, acetonic and aqueous extracts. In turn, TFC in quercetin equivalent per gram of sample (QE/g) were 2.13, 1.89 and 1.35 for the acetonic, ethanolic and aqueous extracts, respectively. Positive and strong correlations (r Pearson > 9.0) between TPC and antioxidant activity were found for all 3 extracts. These results suggest that both pancreatic lipase inhibition and antioxidant activity were distinguished by organic solvents and water extraction. Furthermore, organic extracts (acetone and ethanol) showed to be richer in phenolic metabolites. These metabolites may be related to the biological activities that were found, indicating the stem bark extracts of E. uchi as possible candidates for the development of strategies in the prevention of obesity and hyperlipidemia.

Antimicrobial properties of various solvents combinations for phytochemical fraction derived from Uncaria gambier extract against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212

“…The type of solvent used in fractionation will also affect the polyphenol content obtained and the biological activity of the plant. 10,11 This study proved that fractionation has separated gambier fruit bioactive compounds according to their polarity. Water (polarity index 9.0) which has polar properties can dissolve flavonoids, tannin saponins, and alkaloids.…”

“…The polarity of polyphenol compounds ranges from polar to non-polar, optimal extraction is usually obtained in polar solvents which have better solvation efficiency as a result of interactions (hydrogen bonds) between polar points of antioxidant compounds and solvents from nonpolar ones. 10,11 Extracts from plants are a mixture of different polyphenol compounds, these compounds will be selectively dissolved in the solvent according to their polarity. Fractionation is used to separate bioactive compounds from extracts and increase their purity.…”

“…23 The polarity of the solvent plays an important role in increasing the solubility of the bioactive compound. 10,11,24,25 The difference in the polarity of the solvent determines the difference in the type and composition of the phytochemical compounds. Solvents can also affect the antimicrobial activity of herbal plants.…”

“…9 Extraction and fractionation of herbs can separate polyphenol content in those plants. 10,11 This research will use methanol, hexane, water and ethyl acetate as a solvent to fractionate the polyphenols in gambier fruit. Fractionation can increase or decrease the biological activity of herbal extracts, depending on the interaction of the polyphenol content on the extract when used in combination.…”

Pengaruh Metode Ekstraksi terhadap Kadar Fenol dan Flavonoid Total, Aktivitas Antioksidan serta Antilipase Daun Jati Belanda (Guazuma ulmifolia)

“…Hal ini terutama disebabkan oleh adanya ikatan rangkap terkonjugasi, gugus hidroksil pada C4' dan C3', dan katekol dalam cincin B dalam struktur flavonoid (Gambar 4). Struktur semacam itu menjadikan flavonoid sebagai sasaran untuk diserang oleh radikal bebas dengan cara menggerakkan awan elektron di sekitar cincin aromatik dan donor elektron, sehingga menghambat reaksi berantai dan menstabilkan bentuk radikal [26,30].…”