Stem and leaf water potentials, gas exchange, sap flow, and trunk diameter fluctuations for detecting water stress in lemon trees

Ortuño, M.F.; García-Orellana, Y.; Conejero, Wenceslao; Ruiz-Sánchez, M.C.; Alarcón, Juan José; Torrecillas, A.

doi:10.1007/s00468-005-0004-8

Cited by 117 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…On small timescales (hourly to daily), incremental stem growth (and shrinkage) is measured using precision dendrometers that contain linear-variable-displacement transducers (Zweifel et al, 2005;Drew et al, 2008;Drew and Downes, 2009). Changes in maximum daily trunk shrinkage arising from reduced water availability occur earlier and stronger than changes in stomatal conductance, stem water potential or transpiration (Ortuno et al, 2006;Conejero et al, 2007Conejero et al, , 2011Galindo et al, 2013). Nonetheless, rates of sap flow declined with maximum daily stem shrinkage, both of which responded exponentially to changes in depth-to-groundwater (Ma et al, 2013).…”

Section: Effects Of Groundwater On Growth and Dendrochronological Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater-dependent ecosystems: recent insights from satellite and field-based studies

Eamus

Zolfaghar

Villalobos‐Vega

et al. 2015

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

128

112

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Abstract. Groundwater-dependent ecosystems (GDEs) are at risk globally due to unsustainable levels of groundwater extraction, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. In this review, we examine recent developments in the ecohydrology of GDEs with a focus on three knowledge gaps: (1) how do we locate GDEs, (2) how much water is transpired from shallow aquifers by GDEs and (3) what are the responses of GDEs to excessive groundwater extraction? The answers to these questions will determine water allocations that are required to sustain functioning of GDEs and to guide regulations on groundwater extraction to avoid negative impacts on GDEs.We discuss three methods for identifying GDEs: (1) techniques relying on remotely sensed information; (2) fluctuations in depth-to-groundwater that are associated with diurnal variations in transpiration; and (3) stable isotope analysis of water sources in the transpiration stream.We then discuss several methods for estimating rates of GW use, including direct measurement using sapflux or eddy covariance technologies, estimation of a climate wetness index within a Budyko framework, spatial distribution of evapotranspiration (ET) using remote sensing, groundwater modelling and stable isotopes. Remote sensing methods often rely on direct measurements to calibrate the relationship between vegetation indices and ET. ET from GDEs is also determined using hydrologic models of varying complexity, from the White method to fully coupled, variable saturation models. Combinations of methods are typically employed to obtain clearer insight into the components of groundwater discharge in GDEs, such as the proportional importance of transpiration versus evaporation (e.g. using stable isotopes) or from groundwater versus rainwater sources.Groundwater extraction can have severe consequences for the structure and function of GDEs. In the most extreme cases, phreatophytes experience crown dieback and death following groundwater drawdown. We provide a brief review of two case studies of the impacts of GW extraction and then provide an ecosystem-scale, multiple trait, integrated metric of the impact of differences in groundwater depth on the structure and function of eucalypt forests growing along a natural gradient in depth-to-groundwater. We conclude with a discussion of a depth-to-groundwater threshold in this mesic GDE. Beyond this threshold, significant changes occur in ecosystem structure and function.

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Section: Effects Of Groundwater On Growth and Dendrochronological Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater-dependent ecosystems: recent insights from satellite and field-based studies

Eamus

Zolfaghar

Villalobos‐Vega

et al. 2015

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

128

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In deciduous fruit (Cohen et al 2001;Marsal et al 2002;Intrigliolo and Castel 2006b) and citrus (Ortuño et al 2006) tree species, MDS and TGR were found to be responsive to changes in moisture availability. In all these cases plant water deWcit increased trunk shrinkage and decreased trunk growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of grapevine water status from trunk diameter variations

Intrigliolo

Castel

2007

Irrig Sci

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We evaluated the usefulness of short-term trunk diameter variations (TDV) as water stress indicator in Weld-grown grapevines cv. Tempranillo. Two indices were calculated from TDV, maximum daily trunk shrinkage (MDS), and trunk growth rate (TGR). The seasonal evolution of both indicators was compared with occasional determinations of pre-dawn leaf water potential and stem water potential, measured at early morning ( s em ) and at midday ( s md ) in irrigated and non-irrigated vines. In the second season, the eVect of crop load on the vine water status indicators was also studied. Crop load did not aVect either the vine water relations or the TDV. All water potential determinations had much lower variability and were more sensitive than both MDS and TGR to water restrictions. The ability of both indices to detect plant water stress varied largely depending upon the phenological period. In fact, MDS and TGR were only able to detect vine water stress during a short period of time before veraison. During this period, TGR was linearly related to both s em and s md , while for MDS a curvilinear, quadratic equation, better described the relationship with plant water status. After veraison no apparent relationship existed between plant water status and MDS or TGR. Hence, our results question the practical use of both MDS and TGR as variables to automate irrigation scheduling for grapevine.

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“…Sap flow-related measurements are widely used in research for in situ determinations of plant water consumption and transpiration dynamics (Figure 7), and their potential for irrigation scheduling has been assessed by Nadezhdina [93], Fernández et al [94,95] and Jones [30], among others. Devices to schedule irrigation automatically from sap flow measurements have been designed and tested in fruit tree orchards [96,97], and comparisons with other methods to monitor plant water stress and to schedule irrigation have been made for a variety of crops, including apple [93], grapes [98], lemon [99], plum [100] and olive [101,102], among other species. In a recent review, Fernández [20] analysed the applicability of sap flow-related measurements for assessing water stress and irrigation scheduling in commercial orchards.…”

Section: Sap Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-Based Methods for Irrigation Scheduling of Woody Crops

Fernández

2017

Horticulturae

131

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Abstract:The increasing world population and expected climate scenarios impel the agricultural sector towards a more efficient use of water. The scientific community is responding to that challenge by developing a variety of methods and technologies to increase crop water productivity. Precision irrigation is intended to achieve that purpose, through the wise choice of the irrigation system, the irrigation strategy, the method to schedule irrigation, and the production target. In this review, the relevance of precision irrigation for a rational use of water in agriculture, and methods related to the use of plant-based measurements for both the assessment of plant water stress and irrigation scheduling, are considered. These include non-automated, conventional methods based on manual records of plant water status and gas exchange, and automated methods where the related variable is recorded continuously and automatically. Thus, the use of methodologies based on the Scholander chamber and portable gas analysers, as well as those of systems for measuring sap flow, stem diameter variation and leaf turgor pressure, are reviewed. Other methods less used but with a potential to improve irrigation are also considered. These include those based on measurements related to the stem and leaf water content, and to changes in electrical potential within the plant. The use of measurements related to canopy temperature, both for direct assessment of water stress and for defining zones with different irrigation requirements, is also addressed. Finally, the importance of choosing the production target wisely, and the need for economic analyses to obtain maximum benefit of the technology related to precision irrigation, are outlined.

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Stem and leaf water potentials, gas exchange, sap flow, and trunk diameter fluctuations for detecting water stress in lemon trees

Cited by 117 publications

References 34 publications

Groundwater-dependent ecosystems: recent insights from satellite and field-based studies

Groundwater-dependent ecosystems: recent insights from satellite and field-based studies

Evaluation of grapevine water status from trunk diameter variations

Plant-Based Methods for Irrigation Scheduling of Woody Crops

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