“…Bindi et al. () and Hollister et al. () reported the existence of coesite and stishovite in addition to quasicrystals in Khatyrka (CV3).…”
Section: High‐pressure Polymorphs Of Silicamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although the shock degree in Khatyrka is heterogeneous, the portion including coesite and stishovite was subjected to high‐pressure conditions above 5 GPa during the impact (Bindi et al. ; Hollister et al. ).…”
Section: High‐pressure Polymorphs Of Silicamentioning
Heavily shocked meteorites contain various types of high-pressure polymorphs of major minerals (olivine, pyroxene, feldspar, and quartz) and accessory minerals (chromite and Ca phosphate). These high-pressure minerals are micron to submicron sized and occur within and in the vicinity of shock-induced melt veins and melt pockets in chondrites and lunar, howardite-eucrite-diogenite (HED), and Martian meteorites. Their occurrence suggests two types of formation mechanisms (1) solid-state high-pressure transformation of the host-rock minerals into monomineralic polycrystalline aggregates, and (2) crystallization of chondritic or monomineralic melts under high pressure. Based on experimentally determined phase relations, their formation pressures are limited to the pressure range up tõ 25 GPa. Textural, crystallographic, and chemical characteristics of high-pressure minerals provide clues about the impact events of meteorite parent bodies, including their size and mutual collision velocities and about the mineralogy of deep planetary interiors. The aim of this article is to review and summarize the findings on natural high-pressure minerals in shocked meteorites that have been reported over the past 50 years.
2017
“…Bindi et al. () and Hollister et al. () reported the existence of coesite and stishovite in addition to quasicrystals in Khatyrka (CV3).…”
Section: High‐pressure Polymorphs Of Silicamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although the shock degree in Khatyrka is heterogeneous, the portion including coesite and stishovite was subjected to high‐pressure conditions above 5 GPa during the impact (Bindi et al. ; Hollister et al. ).…”
Section: High‐pressure Polymorphs Of Silicamentioning
Heavily shocked meteorites contain various types of high-pressure polymorphs of major minerals (olivine, pyroxene, feldspar, and quartz) and accessory minerals (chromite and Ca phosphate). These high-pressure minerals are micron to submicron sized and occur within and in the vicinity of shock-induced melt veins and melt pockets in chondrites and lunar, howardite-eucrite-diogenite (HED), and Martian meteorites. Their occurrence suggests two types of formation mechanisms (1) solid-state high-pressure transformation of the host-rock minerals into monomineralic polycrystalline aggregates, and (2) crystallization of chondritic or monomineralic melts under high pressure. Based on experimentally determined phase relations, their formation pressures are limited to the pressure range up tõ 25 GPa. Textural, crystallographic, and chemical characteristics of high-pressure minerals provide clues about the impact events of meteorite parent bodies, including their size and mutual collision velocities and about the mineralogy of deep planetary interiors. The aim of this article is to review and summarize the findings on natural high-pressure minerals in shocked meteorites that have been reported over the past 50 years.
2017
“…Other fragments of Grain 126 have previously led to the discovery of novel phases, including the new polymorph of Al, steinhardtite17, as well as other new crystalline Al-Cu-Fe alloys18. Other phases found include ringwoodite, coesite, stishovite, magnetite, diopside, forsterite, clinoenstatite, sodalite, nepheline, pentlandite, Cu-bearing troilite, icosahedrite, khatyrkite (CuAl 2 ), cupalite (CuAl), taenite, Al-bearing trevorite, and Al-bearing taenite13.…”
We report the first occurrence of an icosahedral quasicrystal with composition Al62.0(8)Cu31.2(8)Fe6.8(4), outside the measured equilibrium stability field at standard pressure of the previously reported Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystal (AlxCuyFez, with x between 61 and 64, y between 24 and 26, z between 12 and 13%). The new icosahedral mineral formed naturally and was discovered in the Khatyrka meteorite, a recently described CV3 carbonaceous chondrite that experienced shock metamorphism, local melting (with conditions exceeding 5 GPa and 1,200 °C in some locations), and rapid cooling, all of which likely resulted from impact-induced shock in space. This is the first example of a quasicrystal composition discovered in nature prior to being synthesized in the laboratory. The new composition was found in a grain that has a separate metal assemblage containing icosahedrite (Al63Cu24Fe13), currently the only other known naturally occurring mineral with icosahedral symmetry (though the latter composition had already been observed in the laboratory prior to its discovery in nature). The chemistry of both the icosahedral phases was characterized by electron microprobe, and the rotational symmetry was confirmed by means of electron backscatter diffraction.
“…1), as typically observed for other fragments of the Khatyrka meteorite 4,7,13,14 . Detailed examination by scanning electron microscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, micro-computed tomography and transmission electron microscopy of fragments from Grain 126 associated to proxidecagonite revealed the presence of trevorite, diopside, forsterite, ahrensite, clinoenstatite, nepheline, coesite, stishovite, pentlandite, Cu-bearing troilite, icosahedrite, khatyrkite, taenite, Al-bearing taenite, steinhardtite, decagonite, hollisterite, stolperite and kryachkoite 4,5,7,13,15–17 . The recovery of different Al-Ni-Fe crystalline (steinhardtite) and QC (decagonite) intermetallic phases, motivated a careful search for other metallic fragments, which led to the discovery of a particle with composition close to that of the known Al-Ni-Fe decagonal QC but with different diffraction characteristics.Figure 1Micro-computed tomographic images (at different orientations) of the entire grain (labeled number 126).…”
We report the discovery of Al34Ni9Fe2, the first natural known periodic crystalline approximant to decagonite (Al71Ni24Fe5), a natural quasicrystal composed of a periodic stack of planes with quasiperiodic atomic order and ten-fold symmetry. The new mineral has been approved by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA 2018-038) and officially named proxidecagonite, which derives from its identity to periodic approximant of decagonite. Both decagonite and proxidecagonite were found in fragments from the Khatyrka meteorite. Proxidecagonite is the first natural quasicrystal approximant to be found in the Al-Ni-Fe system. Within this system, the decagonal quasicrystal phase has been reported to transform at ~940 °C to Al13(Fe,Ni)4, Al3(Fe,Ni)2 and the liquid phase, and between 800 and 850 °C to Al13(Fe,Ni)4, Al3(Fe,Ni) and Al3(Fe,Ni)2. The fact that proxidecagonite has not been observed in the laboratory before and formed in a meteorite exposed to high pressures and temperatures during impact-induced shocks suggests that it might be a thermodynamically stable compound at high pressure. The most prominent structural motifs are pseudo-pentagonal symmetry subunits, such as pentagonal bipyramids, that share edges and corners with trigonal bipyramids and which maximize shortest Ni–Al over Ni–Ni contacts.
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