Steganography-The Art of Hiding Data

Rabah, Kefa

doi:10.3923/itj.2004.245.269

Cited by 113 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…They partition each range into two subranges for embedding variable number of secret data bits. After determining the perfect square number which belongs to the interval [1,16], the ranges produced by this method are as follows {[0,1], [2,5], [6,11], [12,19], [20,29], [30,41], [42,55], [56,71] In spite of PVD simplicity (i.e., being efficient in achieving large embedding capacity and extremely good stego-image visual quality) it has a limitation with respect to the capacity. In particular, the PVD does not make full use of edge areas.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also known as embedding rate (ER), which represents the number of secret data bits that can be hidden per pixel, that is basically measured as the ratio of the total number of embedded secret bits to the total number of pixels in a cover-image. Actually, whenever this ratio exceeds one, it indicates that the steganographic embedding scheme has high embedding capacity [3,19]. It can be calculated as follows:…”

Section: _ Embedding Capacity (Ec)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The other approach is data hiding which is basically classified into two parts, namely, watermarking and steganography [14][15][16][17]. The main difference between them is that the former secures the carrier-object along with copyright information, while the later secures the embedded message into the carrier-object only [18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Interestingly, there are other differences between the two methods based on the required performance objectives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A New Steganographic Algorithm Based on Multi Directional PVD and Modified LSB

Darabkh

2017

ITC

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Steganographic techniques can be utilized to conceal data within digital images with small or invisible changes in the perceived appearance of the image. Generally, five main objectives are used to assess the performance of steganographic algorithms which include embedding capacity, imperceptibility, security, robustness and complexity. However, steganographic algorithms hardly take all of these factors into account. In this paper, a novel steganographic algorithm for digital images is proposed based on the pixel-value differencing (PVD) and modified least-significant bit (LSB) substitution (MDPVD-MLSB) techniques to address most of aforementioned objectives. Although there are many techniques for concealing data within pixels, the restricting factor is always the amount of bits adjusted in every pixel. Therefore, the main contributions of this paper aim to achieve a balance between the amount of embedded data, the level of acceptable distortion, as well as providing high level of security. The performance of this algorithm has been extensively evaluated in terms of embedding capacity, peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index measure (SSIM). Simulation results and comparisons with six relevant algorithms are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this proposed algorithm.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: _ Embedding Capacity (Ec)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A New Steganographic Algorithm Based on Multi Directional PVD and Modified LSB

Darabkh

2017

ITC

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“…Steganography operations have been performed on different cover media such as images, audio, text, and video [6]. In recent years, new research into methods for secure communication over existing public fiber-optic networks has been conducted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hiding Stealth Optical CDMA Signals in Public BPSK Channels for Optical Wireless Communication

Yen¹,

Huang²,

Zhang³

2018

Preprint

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Abstract:A new optical steganography scheme is proposed that transmits a stealth optical code-14 division multiple-access (OCDMA) signal through a public binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) 15 channel. Polarization beam splitters and arrayed waveguide gratings are used to implement a 16 spectral-polarization coding (SPC) system with an incoherent optical source. We employ a Walsh- 17Hadamard code as the signature code of the user who wants to transmit stealth information using

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“…The steganography term is not new concept [33]. It is believed that steganography was found during the Golden Age in Greece and literally means "concealed/covert writing" which is derived from two Greek words "Stegan Graphien" [34] [35] [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Block-Based Steganographic Algorithm Using Modulus Function and Pixel-Value Differencing

Al-Dhamari¹,

Darabkh²

2017

JSEA

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The main purpose in developing the steganographic algorithms lies in achieving most of the steganographic objectives which comprise the embedding capacity, imperceptibility, security, robustness and complexity. In this paper, we propose a high quality steganographic algorithm using new block structure which makes a good use of both modulus function and pixel-value differencing, namely, MF-PVD. We have made many experiments with various test images from several galleries, such as USC-SIPI and UWATERLOO-LINK. The performance of our proposed algorithm is verified using three different performance metrics which include peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity index measure (SSIM), and embedding capacity (EC). Experimental results and comparisons with six pertinent state-of-art algorithms are given to prove the validation and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

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Steganography-The Art of Hiding Data

Cited by 113 publications

References 4 publications

A New Steganographic Algorithm Based on Multi Directional PVD and Modified LSB

A New Steganographic Algorithm Based on Multi Directional PVD and Modified LSB

Hiding Stealth Optical CDMA Signals in Public BPSK Channels for Optical Wireless Communication

Block-Based Steganographic Algorithm Using Modulus Function and Pixel-Value Differencing

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