Steering vector sensor array elements with cardioids, hippopedes, and other beam shapes

Abstract

The purpose of this report is to study the impact on linear beamforming due to individual vector sensor element steering patterns. Standard, linear beamformers employ cardioid beampatterns for each vector sensor. In this work, we examine a class of vector sensor element steering patterns beyond the standard cardioid. The element weighting is nonlinear but nonadaptive, making it simple to implement in hardware processing. The new sensor steering patterns, referred to as hippioids, are products of cardioids and various orders of hippopedes. The angular resolution of individual sensors, and the impact on angular resolution from arrays of varying aperture, will serve as the performance measure along with peak-to-sidelobe levels. An example of the differences in vector sensor steering patterns is provided using measured, DIFAR buoy data. [Work supported by the Office of Naval Research, Code 321OA, the Naval Postgraduate School, and the Netherlands Defense Academy.]

Numerical Studies of Acoustic Particle Velocity and Acoustic Variability with a SSF/PE Model

“…[6] This led to discussions with colleagues at ULB and RNLNC on methods for incorporating particle velocity data into adjoint methods and inversions based on metaheuristic approaches. [7,8] Additional work also considered novel beampatterns for vector sensors. [9,10]…”